1. Conrad McLaren, Iqra Dhorajiwala, Naji Balonkita, Alex Bahadri
Energy Organelles
Conrad McLaren, Iqra Dhorajiwala, Naji Balonkita, Alex Bahadri

2. Animal Cell

3. Plant Cell

4. Mitochondria
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Sites of cellular respiration- metabolic process that generates ATP by extracting energy from sugars, fats, and other fuels
Also involved in other cell processes such as cell division, growth, and death
Have their own DNA, ribosomes

5. Mitochondria Structure
Mitochondria are bounded by a double membrane made of a phospholipid bilayer with proteins
Proteins are made by free ribosomes in the cytosol and ribosomes within the actual mitochondria
The outermost membrane is smooth while the inner membrane has many folds called cristae, which enhance the productivity of cellular respiration by increasing surface area.

6. Mitochondria Structure
The double membranes divide the mitochondrion into two distinct parts: the intermembrane space and the mitochondrial matrix.
The intermembrane space is the narrow part between the two membranes
The mitochondrial matrix is in the innermost membrane. Several of the steps in cellular respiration occur in the matrix due to its high concentration of enzymes.
Interaction

7. Mitochondria’s Interaction with Other Organelles
Helps break down products along with lysosomes
Help maintain membrane potential along with the cell membrane.

8. Chloroplasts
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Chloroplast contain chlorophyll, which is responsible for production of food.
Chlorophyll is responsible for absorbing sunlight to create sugar. When sunlight hits a chloroplast, the chlorophyll in it uses the energy and in combination with carbon dioxide and water forms sugar and oxygen.
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9. Chloroplast Structure
Bound by a two-layered membrane known as the chloroplast envelope, which contain pores to absorb sunlight
Thylakoids- flattened, interconnected sacs
Granum- each individual stack of thylakoids
Stroma- fluid outside the thylakoids, which contain the chloroplast DNA, ribosomes, and enzymes responsible for converting carbon dioxide to carbohydrates during photosynthesis
Interaction

10. Chloroplasts Interaction with other Organelles
Chloroplasts make the sugars and the Golgi apparatus packages them to carry out of the cell to other parts of the plant
Sugar is transported from chloroplast to phloem which goes from leaves to roots

11. Peroxisomes Image Found in both plant and animal cells.
Not part of the endomembranous system
Imports proteins primarily from the cytosol
Break down fatty acids to be transported to mitochondria as fuel
Detoxify harmful compounds
Glyoxysomes- specialized for plant seeds; contain enzymes that initiate conversion of fatty acids to sugars

12. Peroxisome Structure
Bounded by a single membrane, consisting of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins
They have the ability to assemble themselves. Peroxisomes have no DNA or ribosomes.
Interaction

13. Peroxisome’s interaction with other Organelles
Transfer hydrogen to oxygen to produce hydrogen peroxide, which then becomes converted to water because of an enzyme which then gets transported to the cytoplasm
They must take in proteins from the cytosol, lipids in the ER, and lipids made in the cytosol

14. Mitochondria