1. By Edward Cheng & Karen Chu AP U.S. History Period 8
Temperance Movement
By Edward Cheng & Karen Chu
AP U.S. History Period 8

2. Temperance
Def: Total abstinence from alcoholic beverages or the moderation in its use
Causes: Increase of alcoholism was caused by the spread of the population across the Appalachians (which in turn allowed an increase of production and consumption)

3. Background Info
During the 1800s the brewing industry was the most prosperous
Due to competitive nature, brewing industries built saloons for every Americans
These saloons introduced gambling and prostitution
Add notes...

4. Examples of Life During pre-prohibition

5. TimeLine 1800s [1800-1840] 1805- Beginning of Second Great Awakening
Revival of religion
Spark up the beginnings of the Temperance Movement
1805-
Benjamin Rush (physician from Philadelphia)
Wrote an essay about the changing attitudes toward distilled alcohol
Found the dangers of consumption (leads to health problems and causes a decline in morals)

6. TimeLine Cont. 1820s (nearing the time of Jackson’s second term)-
Temperance reformers during Jackson’s presidency
Many were Whigs who wanted to improve the American society by ending sale of liquor and slavery
Advocated for government intervention on suppressing liquor trade
1825-
Connecticut revivalist Lyman Beecher ushered an anti-alcoholism movement
1826-
Created by evangelical Protestants
First national temperance organization
One-third to one-half of their members were women

7. Timeline Cont.
Late 1830s-
Workers begin to show interest in temperance
Developed the Washington Temperance Societies
Initiated a big interest after the Panic of 1837
Believed that sobriety and frugality would allow them to control their problems
1838-
Massachusetts prohibited sale of distilled spirits in amounts less than fifteen gallons (limit small purchase by individuals)

8. Timeline Cont.
1851-
Maine banned the manufacture and sale of intoxicating beverages
1873-
Women’s Christian Temperance Union
1893-
Formation of the Anti-Saloon League (Strengthen movement)

9. Timeline Cont.
1916-
Anti-Saloon League it oversaw the two-thirds majority to initiate the 18th Amendment
1919-
Ratification of the 18th Amendment
Allowed national prohibition through a constitutional amendment
Volstead Act clarified and implemented the 18th Amendment

10. Timeline Cont.
Numerous speakeasies arise, gangster power increases, more conflicts (ex St. Valentine Massacre)
21st Amendment ratified, repealed 18th Amendment, decline of Temperance Movement

11. Temperance Reformers
Address the growing problems of health problems from alcohol
Believe that males who indulge themselves in alcohol leads to bitter consequences to women and children (would spend wages on liquor rather than food)
Denounce alcohol as and evil and urged for churches to expel those who were not abstinent
Gain manufacturers’ support (due to manufacturers strict production schedules)
Viewed drinking as sinful act (Washingtons)
Save lost souls who were under the influence of alcohol

12. Prominent Figures
Frances Willard- She was an American temperance reformer and women’s suffragist, and played a key in the passing of the Eighteenth Amendment.
Mary Hunt- As the Superintendent of a branch of the Women’s Christian Temperance Union (the Scientific Temperance Instruction), she was a key part of the Temperance Movement and promoting Prohibition.
Howard Hyde Russell- He was the founder of the Anti-Saloon League, and was a prominent figure in the Prohibition movement.

13. Prominent Figures Cont.
Lyman Beecher- He was a co-founder of the American Temperance Society, and is also known as a founder of the Second Great Awakening.
Organization of the Good Templars- They are an international organization that works in the field of Temperance, originating in the United States during the early 1850’s.
Wayne Wheeler- He was a founding member of the Anti-Saloon League, and was influential in the Volstead Act.

15. Women's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)
Political organization
Led by Frances Willard
Alliances with
Susan B. Anthony
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Other women battling for voting rights
19th century it lobbied for local laws restricting alcohol

17. WCTU
Created an anti-alcohol educational campaign (nearly reached in every schoolroom in the nation)
Viewed as a source of social ills
Attempted to have a prohibition amendment that was not reached until the creation of the ASL (which it had alliances with)

19. Anti-Saloon League (ASL)
Leader: Wayne Wheeler
State organization
Succeeded in local prohibition laws
Made it a national effort
After 1895 it gained in strength (powerful national organization)
Supported prohibition and worked with churches

21. ASL Supported by Democrats and Republicans Progressives Populists
Suffragists
The Ku Klux Klan and the NAACP
The International Workers of the World
Many of America's most powerful industrialists including
Henry Ford
John D. Rockefeller, Jr.
Andrew Carnegie

22. ASL
Branched across US and worked to achieve national prohibition through a constitutional amendment
1916 it oversaw the two-thirds majority to initiate the 18th Amendment

25. Quotes !
“Temperance is moderation in the things that are good and total abstinence from the things that are foul.” -Frances Willard
“I believe, if we take habitual drunkards as a class, their heads and their hearts will bear an advantageous comparison with those of any other class. There seems ever to have been a proneness in the brilliant and warm-blooded to fall into this vice.” - Abraham Lincoln, Address to the Springfield Washingtonian Temperance Society, 1842

26. QUESTIONS
1) Who is Benjamin Rush and why is he important to the Temperance Movement?
2) Define the term “Temperance” and name two important figures and their contributions.
3) What were the issues with alcohol?
4) Which group aided in the ratification of prohibition? What was this amendment?

27. Citations
Berk, Leah R. "Alcohol, Temperance and Prohibition." Alcohol, Temperance and Prohibition. Brown University Library Center for Digital Scholarship, n.d. Web. 18 Apr
Boyer, Paul S. The Enduring Vision: A History of the American People. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, Print.
"Table of Contents | Temperance & Prohibition." Table of Contents | Temperance & Prohibition. The Ohio State University, n.d. Web. 15 Apr
A Bio. of America: The Reform Impulse - Transcript." A Bio. of America: The Reform Impulse - Transcript. WGBH Educational Foundation, n.d. Web. 18 Apr
Erback, Jennifer. "Illinois During the Gilded Age, Lesson Plans: Temperance in the 19th Century." Illinois During the Gilded Age, Lesson Plans: Temperance in the 19th Century. Teaching Future Historians, n.d. Web. 18 Apr
"Index." Index. Clash of Cultures in the 1910s and 1920s, n.d. Web. 18 Apr
"The Temperance Movement." The Temperance Movement. United States History, n.d. Web. 17 Apr
"Prohibition." PBS. PBS, n.d. Web. 18 Apr