1. Alcohol, Temperance, Prohibition I.Temperance vs. ProhibitionTemperance vs. Prohibition II.BackgroundBackground III.Legacy & ImpactLegacy & Impact

2. I. Temperance vs. Prohibition A.Temperance: regulation (when sold & where consumed) B.Prohibition: eradication

3. II. background A.Colonial (1700s)Colonial B.19 th Century (1800s)19 th Century C.20 th Century (1900s)20 th Century

4. A. colonial 1. 1784 annual per capita consumption of alcohol spirits = 4 – 6 gallons a. Imported – wine (grape) b. Domestic – beer (barley), rum (molasses), whiskey (rye) 2. 2000 annual per capita consumption of alcohol spirits = 2- 3 gallons

5. B. 19 th Century 1. realizations a. “Gee, there’s a lot of alcohol consumed in this country.” – rural life - isolation – urban life - socialization (saloons) – immigration - European culture b. “When used irresponsibly, alcohol can be harmful.”

6. B. 19 th Century 1. why an alcohol culture? a. why plentiful? – more grains supplied than consumed – ease of transport b. where/why used? – tavern/pub/saloon culture tavern/pub/saloon culture – socialization socialization rural life – ease isolation urban life – alternate destination c. why an issue?why an issue? – health impact – economic impact – social impact

7. B. 19 th Century 2. reform a. churches, women activists, anti-immigration parties b. organizations: 1874: Women’s Christian Temperance Union 1893: Anti-Saloon League 3. moderate success at the state levelstate level 4. lack of unified goal – temperance vs. prohibition? – state vs. nation?

8. C. 20 th Century 1. state  federal 2. Prohibition … part of the “solution set” of reforms to improve all American society (Progressivism)  suppress class conflict (ex: assassination)  suppress national conflict (ex: The Great War) 3. Webb – Kenyon Act, 1913 (transportation regulation)1913

9. III. 20 th Century 4. Provisions 0f Amendment 18 (1919) Section1. After one year from the ratification of this article the manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors within, the importation thereof into, or the exportation thereof from the United States and all territory subject to the jurisdiction thereof for beverage purposes is hereby prohibited. Section2. The Congress and the several States shall have concurrent power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. Section3. This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by the legislatures of the several States, as provided in the Constitution, within seven years from the date of the submission hereof to the States by the Congress

10. III. 20 th Century 5. 1920s  vocabulary Speakeasy: place to consume illegal alcohol Bootlegger: maker of illegal alcohol Moonshine: illegal alcohol Rum Runner: transporter of illegal alcohol  Mixed Results and Unintended Consequences Mixed Results and Unintended Consequences  Wickersham Report, 1931  21 st Amendment, 1933

11. IV. legacy and impact A. “gangster” culture and motif B. growth of Federal law enforcement – F B I C. questions of Federal law enforcement