1. A+ Guide to Software Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting THIRD EDITION Chapter 5 Understanding and Installing Windows NT and Windows 2000

2. 2A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition You Will Learn… About Windows NT/2000/XP architecture How to install Windows 2000 Professional How to install hardware and applications with Windows 2000 How to install and support Windows NT Workstation

3. 3A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Windows NT/2000/XP Architecture Windows 2000 Professional Windows 2000 Server Windows 2000 Advanced Server Windows 2000 Datacenter Server

4. 4A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Windows NT/2000/XP Modes User mode Kernel mode

5. 5A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Windows NT/2000/XP Modes (continued)

6. 6A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition User Mode Nonprivileged processor mode in which programs:  Have only limited access to system information  Can access hardware only through other OS services Used by several subsystems, most notably, Win32

7. 7A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition User Mode (continued)

8. 8A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition User Mode (continued) Win32 Subsystem  DOS applications use an environment called a NTVDM (NT virtual DOS machine)  16-bit Windows 3.x applications reside in a WOW (Win16 on Win32) environment  32-bit Windows relate directly to Win32 Single-threading Multithreading

9. 9A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Kernel Mode Privileged processor mode in which programs have extensive access to system information and hardware Used by two main components  HAL (hardware abstraction layer) Primary interaction with hardware  Executive services Interacts between User Mode and HAL

10. 10A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Networking Features Workgroup: a logical group of computers and users that share resources Domain: a group of networked computers that share a centralized database of user account information and security

11. 11A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Windows Workgroup

12. 12A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Windows Workgroup (continued) Administration, resources, and security are controlled by each workstation Each computer maintains its list of users and their rights on the machine Uses peer-to-peer model

13. 13A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Windows Domain

14. 14A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Windows Domain (continued) Uses client/server model  Directory database controlled by Network Operating System (NOS) User Accounts Group Accounts Computer Accounts

15. 15A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Windows NT Domain Directory database is called security accounts manager (SAM) Primary Domain Controller (PDC) holds original directory database Backup Domain Controller (BDC) holds read-only copy of database

16. 16A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Windows 2000/2003 Domain Directory database is called Active Directory All domain controllers can update the directory database Native Mode: no Windows NT domain controllers present Mixed Mode: at least one Windows NT domain controller on the network

17. 17A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Windows NT/2000/XP Logon Administrator account exists by default  Has rights and permissions to all hardware and software resources  Responsible for setting up other user accounts and assigning privileges Workgroup: accounts are local to the machine Domain: accounts apply to the entire domain

18. 18A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Windows NT/2000/XP Logon (continued) User logon required  User acquires rights and permissions assigned by administrator to the user and to his/her group(s) Windows NT/2000 require user to press Ctrl + Alt + Del Windows XP displays logon screen by default

19. 19A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition How Windows NT/2000/XP Manages Hard Drives System partition  Normally drive C  Active partition Contains OS boot record Boot partition  Stores the Windows NT/2000/XP OS Can be the same partition or separate partitions

20. 20A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Windows NT/2000/XP Partitions

21. 21A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Windows NT/2000/XP Partitions (continued) Windows NT  Both partitions can be formatted with either FAT16 or NTFS Windows 2000/XP  Both partitions can be formatted with either FAT16, FAT32, or NTFS Recall that DOS and Windows 9x cannot access an NTFS partition

22. 22A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition A Choice of File Systems FAT file system  File Allocation Table (FAT)  Directories  Data files Windows NT File System (NTFS)  Master file table (MFT) Windows NT/2000/XP does not support OS/2 High Performance File System (HPFS)

23. 23A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition A Choice of File Systems (continued)

24. 24A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition The Master File Table (MFT)

25. 25A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Advantages of NTFS Over FAT Recoverable file system Supports encryption Supports disk quotas Supports compression

26. 26A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Advantages of NTFS Over FAT (continued) Provides added floppy disk boot security  DOS/Windows 9x boot disk cannot access NTFS file system  Windows Recovery Console requires Administrator account and password Supports mirroring drives Uses smaller cluster sizes Supports large-volume drives

27. 27A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Advantages of FAT over NTFS Less overhead  Works best for drives smaller than 500 MB Compatible with Windows 9x and DOS Can boot Windows NT/2000/XP from a DOS or Windows 9x startup disk if the active partition is FAT

28. 28A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Planning the Installation of Windows 2000 Professional Select the file system: NTFS, FAT16, or FAT32 Verify compatibility of computer, peripherals, and software Check the Microsoft Web site at http://www.microsoft.com/windows2000/ professional/howtobuy/upgrading/compat http://www.microsoft.com/windows2000/ professional/howtobuy/upgrading/compat

29. 29A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Check the Microsoft Web Site

30. 30A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Why Verify Compatibility? Windows NT/2000/XP does not use system BIOS to interface with hardware Software applications must qualify for Windows 2000 A “good BIOS” meets Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI) standards  Takes full advantage of Windows power management

31. 31A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Installing Windows 2000 on Networked Computers For multiple installations, consider copying the \I386 folder to a file server Unattended installation reads answers to installation questions from answer file Drive imaging or disk cloning replicates a drive to a new computer  Use Sysprep.exe to remove unique info  Clone with third-party software

32. 32A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Things to Know Before Installation For peer-to-peer network: Computer name and workgroup name For domain network: username, user password, computer name, domain name For TCP/IP network: how IP address is assigned  If static assignment: IP address

33. 33A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Upgrade or Clean Install? Clean install overwrites existing operating system and applications Upgrade installation carries forward applications, data, and most OS settings Dual-boot: Windows 2000 installed into a second partition on the hard drive

34. 34A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Clean Install, Overwriting the Existing Installations Fresh start Ensures that the registry as well as applications are as clean as possible Must reinstall applications  Verify possession of application CDs or floppies and documentation before starting Must restore data from backup  Perform backup and verify before starting

35. 35A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Perform an Upgrade Installation System Applications, data, and most OS settings are carried forward into Windows 2000 Faster

36. 36A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Create a Dual Boot Dual boot is the ability to boot from both Windows NT/2000 and another OS Windows 2000 does not support a second OS on the same partition Applications must be reinstalled on each partition

37. 37A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Create a Dual Boot (continued) For dual boot with DOS, Windows 2000 system partition must be FAT16 For dual boot with Windows 9x, Windows 2000 system partition must be FAT16 or FAT32 Because Windows 2000 NTFS is a newer version than Windows NT NTFS, this dual boot is not recommended

38. 38A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Planning an Upgrade from Windows 9x to Windows 2000 Registries are not compatible  Transfer of information will not be as complete as an upgrade from Windows NT to 2000 Run Winnt /Checkupgradeonly to test the system for potential problems

39. 39A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Hardware Compatibility Windows 2000 attempts to install all compatible hardware devices  Windows 2000 does not import device drivers from Windows 98  You may have to download device drivers from either the Microsoft Web site or manufacturer’s Web site

40. 40A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Software Compatibility Windows 9x applications store registry data differently from Windows 2000 applications  An application may or may not work in Windows 2000 after an upgrade  Try reinstalling  Check manufacturer’s Web site for patch or upgrade

41. 41A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Planning an Upgrade from Windows NT to Windows 2000 Setup automatically upgrades to the Windows 2000 version of NTFS If the Windows NT installation used FAT or FAT32, Windows 2000 offers to upgrade the file system to NTFS

42. 42A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Hardware Compatibility Generally, most Windows NT hardware devices also work under Windows 2000 Check the HCL on Microsoft Web site Run Winnt /Checkupgradeonly to test the system for potential problems

43. 43A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Software Compatibility Nearly all applications that run on Windows NT will run on Windows 2000 Exceptions:  Antivirus software  Third-party networking software  Some disk management tools  Custom power management tools  Custom Plug and Play solutions  Uninterruptible Power Supply software

44. 44A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Steps to Install Windows 2000 Clean install options  Boot from Windows 2000 CD  Run Winnt.exe from DOS  Run Winnt32.exe from Windows Upgrade install options  Boot from Windows 2000 CD  Run Winnt32.exe from Windows 9x or NT 4.0  Cannot be done over the network

45. 45A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Steps to Install Windows 2000 (continued) Access CMOS and verify:  Boot sequence is CD-ROM first, hard drive second for a CD-ROM boot installation  Boot sector antivirus protection is disabled  Motherboard BIOS Plug and Play is disabled

46. 46A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Clean Installation To make Windows 2000 setup disks 1. Format four floppy disks 2. Insert Windows 2000 CD-ROM and run D:\bootdisk\makeboot.exe A: 3. Insert new disks as requested 4. Boot PC from first setup disk, followed by the other three and the CD-ROM 5. Accept the license agreement

47. 47A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Windows 2000 Setup Wizard

48. 48A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Clean Installation (continued) CD-ROM setup begins here or floppy disk setup continues 6. Hard drive partitioning and formatting is selected 7. Keyboard, language, name, product key, date, time, and administrator’s password 8. Network settings configured 9. Reboot and network setup completed

49. 49A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Clean Install When the Hard Drive Has an OS Installed 1. Scan for viruses 2. Answer No to question about upgrading to a new version of Windows 3. Click Install Windows 2000, then select Install a new copy of Windows 2000 (Clean Install), accept license agreement, and enter the product key 4. After reboot, installation continues as described earlier

50. 50A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Windows 2000 Setup Window

51. 51A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Upgrade Installation Prepare for the installation 1. Verify devices and applications are compatible, download patches and upgrades as necessary 2. Scan for viruses 3. Back up critical system files, the registry, and data files 4. Close all applications and antivirus software, decompress hard drive

52. 52A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Upgrade Installation (continued) 1. Insert Windows 2000 CD-ROM Select Upgrade to Windows 2000 (Recommended) 2. Report phase Current hardware, drivers, OS and applications are scanned for compatibility Setup creates an answer file, installs boot loader, copies installation files to the hard drive

53. 53A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Upgrade Installation (continued) 3. PC reboots, Text Mode phase begins Setup installs Windows 2000 base into the same folder as the old OS Setup moves the registry and profiles 4. PC reboots, GUI Mode phase begins Setup makes registry changes, migrates application DLLs, and reboots for the final time

54. 54A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition After the Installation: Backing Up the System State 1. Download and install all OS service packs, updates, and patches 2. Verify that all hardware functions, install additional devices as needed 3. Create user accounts 4. Install additional Windows components and install applications 5. Verify system functions properly, back up the system state data

55. 55A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Back Up the System State Data

56. 56A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Installing Hardware If a device is Plug and Play, Windows 2000 automatically:  Identifies the device  Assigns system resources as needed without causing conflicts with other devices  Configures the device  Loads any necessary device drivers  Informs the system of configuration changes

57. 57A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Update a Device Driver 1. In Control Panel, click the System icon, select the Hardware tab 2. Click on Device Manager, expand the class, locate the device to be updated 3. Right-click the device, select Properties from shortcut menu 4. On the Drivers tab, click Update Driver

58. 58A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Device Manager

59. 59A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Device Property Window

60. 60A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Installing Applications Installing applications in Windows 2000 similar to Windows 9x Windows 2000 Add/Remove Programs utility provides more options  Change or remove installed programs  Add new programs  Add/remove Windows components  Sort the view in various ways

61. 61A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Add/Remove Programs

62. 62A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Installing Windows NT as the Only OS If hard drive does not contain an OS, installation begins by booting the computer with three NT boot disks Winnt.exe continues the installation by accessing the CD-ROM drive Winnt32.exe can be used to upgrade from an earlier version of Windows NT or to reinstall a corrupted version

63. 63A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Troubleshooting the Windows NT Boot Process If possible, use Last Known Good Boot from the three NT boot disks  Check for corrupt boot and system files  Select the repair option Try reinstalling the OS into same folder as an upgrade To recover data, install the hard drive as a secondary drive on another Windows NT system

64. 64A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Last Known Good Configuration A copy of the hardware configuration from the registry, saved after a successful logon Allows user to revert to previous hardware configuration Causes loss of any changes made to hardware configuration since the Last Known God was saved

65. 65A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Windows NT Boot Disks Click Start, click Run, enter either  E:\i386\winnt32.exe /ox  E:\i386\winnt.exe /ox When prompted for the location of the installation files, enter E:\i386

66. 66A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Using Winnt32.exe to Create a Set of Boot Disks

67. 67A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Windows NT Emergency Repair Disk Contains information unique to the OS and hard drive Enables restoration of Windows registry on the hard drive, which contains all configuration information for Windows Also includes information used to build a command window to run DOS-like commands

68. 68A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Files on the Windows NT Emergency Repair Disk

69. 69A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Using the Boot Disks and the ERD to Recover from a Failed Boot Select the option to repair damaged installation and follow directions on screen

70. 70A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Summary Windows NT/2000/XP architecture How to install Windows 2000 Professional How to install hardware and applications with Windows 2000 How to install and support Windows NT Workstation