1. The Reproductive System
Made by
Kellen Wagner, Elizabeth Westwood, and Amanda Waugh

2. Female Gonads

3. Location Pelvic region of the body
Two female ovaries (one on either side of the body)
Ovaries are connected to uterus by fallopian tubes

4. Hormones Produced Produces estrogen and progesterone Sex hormones
Estrogen- a steroid hormone that produces female characteristics for a human
Progesterone- released by the corpus luteum to prepare the uterus for pregnancy
Sex hormones
Inhibin- suppresses follicle stimulating hormones
Relaxins- found in pregnant females which relaxes muscles to make birth easier

5. What do hormones do? Regulates menstrual cycle and pregnancy
Development of female body characteristics
Breasts
Body shape
Body hair
Help maintain homeostasis in the body

6. Feedback Mechanisms and Antagonistic Hormones
Negative feedback mechanism controlled by the female gonads would be melatonin
Positive feedback mechanism of the female gonads would be when the ovaries secrete oxytocin during birth
Oxytocin calms the body

7. Glands of the Female Gonads
Ovaries
Androstenedione
Progesterone
Estrogens
Inhibin
Placenta
Human chrorionic gonadotropin
Human placental lactogen
Uterus
Prolactin
Relaxin

8. Lack/Excess of Hormones
Excess of hormones (estrogen) can cause a women to develop in inability to become pregnant
A lack of hormones can be very harmful to the body
Heavy menstrual bleeding can occur
Too little estrogen can cause issues with the absorption of vitamins
Hypogonadism- when ovaries are not producing enough sex hormones
This can usually cause Turner Syndrome, gonadal dysgenesis, and galactosemia

9. Treatments
For hormonal imbalance, women can see a bioidentical hormone doctor and undergo bioidentical therapy
To treat various gland disorders doctors must replace hormones in the ovaries to try and copy the normal hormone production

10. Male Gonads

11. Location
Male gonads are located behind the penis in a skin pouch called the scrotum

12. Hormones Produced Produce sex hormones called testosterone
Testosterone- a steroid hormone from the androgen group

13. What do hormones do?
Stimulate the formation of the sperm in the seminiferous tubules
Develop reproductive tissue
Increases…
Muscle size
Bone mass
Body hair

14. Maintaining homeostasis
Sustains spermatogenesis
Maintains muscle bulk
Maintains secondary sex characteristics
Aids in erectile function

15. Feedback Mechanisms and Antagonistic Hormones
FSH stimulates the production of sperm cells
A follicle stimulation hormone released by the pituitary
LH (luteniziry hormone) stimulates production of testosterone
GnRH (Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone) is an antagonistic hormone found in the male gonads that reduces LH production, suppressin, and testosterone

16. Glands of the Male Gonads
The pituitary gland releases…
LH (hormone)
FSH (hormone)
GnRH (inhibitor)

17. What happens if there is a malfunction?
If the gonads are not functioning properly, testosterone production might decrease, resulting in negative affects on…
Sexual function
Mood
Behavior
Muscle production
Bone density

18. Treatments Hormonal therapy is the most common treatment
Climophene citrate is often used to compensate for low testosterone in place of regular testosterone therapy

19. Sources