1. History of Haircoloring colors

2. Objective: n The n The student will be able to understand color theory in relationship to history from prehistoric times to the present

3. Introduction n Haircoloring is the science of changing the color of the hair by either removing or adding color to hair with chemicals n Color is not new n Popularity throughout history –at least as long as history has been recorded

4. Haircoloring n Neanderthal n Neanderthal man –strange –strange methods –ingredients »mud »clay »berries »nuts »roots »minerals »insects

5. Primitive times n Paint provided –camouflage –disguise –identification –decoration n Favorite coloring by - products –plants –small shrubs

6. plants & shrubs n Grew wild in desert n Plant parts –released a dye –thick paste n Common plants –henna –indigo –sage –chamomile

7. plants & shrubs n applied to hair shaft –messy –unpredictable n face n body

8. Moving through history : 27BC n Thought of as “pre-carrot-top” age –Sign of class distinction or status »Gauls dyed their hair red n Dark ages - red was associated w/witchcraft –actual genetic error, appeared in Scotland around this time n Women wanted blonde hair »ashes & elderberries & nutshells »vinegar sediment

9. 27 B.C. n Women who wanted red hair »goat’s fat »beech wood ashes n Popular colors »blues & green n Created from »herbs »teas »plants or plant extracts

10. Different colors n Created from herbs, teas, plants or plant extracts –heated with wine or vinegar –metal container »type of metal determined the color n Lemon & citrus fruits –lightened

11. Color n Most popular color –Black »leeches »vinegar »fermented for two months »baked in sun »oil in mouth »prevented teeth from turning black

12. 1300 B.C.-1600’s n Early Egyptians –Style of the period was set by Kings & Queens »sign of distinction or status » very prestigious –Queen Elizabeth »gave regal RED its proper place in history

13. 1300 B.C.-1600’s –Concoctions »henna, sage, & indigo »packed on their hair to brighten & cover gray »results again were undesirable

14. Egyptian style n Men & women shaved their heads –for reasons of hygiene –ritual feast –wealthy women of high lineage had their wigs made from real hair –poorer women used wool –social status was immediately evident from the wig & color

15. Egyptian n Color of wigs –blue –brown –orange –pink –white »most popular of wigs or hair n women wearing yellow-blond was identified as a woman of a particular profession

16. Golden Age : Roman Empire n Captives of unfamiliar races –fair haired titian’s awed the Romans –bleached their own hair w/ saffron, red arsenic, nut shells and ashes of plants n Roman law –decreed that yellow or blonde was to be worn by “women of the night” –first indication that blondes were having more fun

18. Roman hair n Roman elite had hairdressers to help prepare hair dye n Cut their hair off when in mourning –wear a wig n Choice of wig determined time of day, occasion & social standing n Imported blonde hair from Germanic tribes

19. Renaissance Period n Re-birth, end of middle age n Beginning of new era n Beginning of Modern Times n Renaissance women favored golden hues –by then considered angelic

21. Renaissance n Colors created from herbs, teas, plants or extracts –heated w/ wine or vinegar –type of metal container determined the color n Lightened hair –lemons & other citrus fruits –soap or alum, black sulfur & honey –spread their tresses over a brimless hat until the sun helped them achieve the shade they desired

22. Renaissance n Black most popular color –leeches & vinegar fermented for 2 months –applied while in sun the women held oil in mouth to keep their teeth from tuning black n Lighter look to hair –weave strands of pure gold into their hair –wigs made of Scandinavian hair ; very wealthy –powders, pomades, roots, herbs & every conceivable concoction imaginable

23. 19th Century n Natural ingredients remained the essence of haircolor until the 19th century n 1800’s, men began using silver nitrate to darken their mustaches n 1825 - first real haircolor was developed –Grecian Water - mixture of distilled water, silver nitrate & gum water »repeated usage made hair turn purple

24. 19th Century n 1859 - German student working w/ coal tar, diluted it with alcohol –result was purple dye –trappers used to dye fur –first synthetic dye to be used on fabrics & hair

25. 19th Century n 1885 - discovery of Para-Phenylene-Diamine n Used alone or with metallic salts n Expanding the range & quality of color available

26. 19th Century n Unfortunately this product looked artificial n General public would not accept this color n Left to actresses and wealthy women of leisure

27. 20th Century n Around the turn of the century –metallic substances mixed w/ chemicals –could only darken »continual usage caused hair to go black –adverse reaction to other chemicals »permanent waving n Still a taboo to color your hair –ladies would deny they colored their hair

28. Early 20 th Century Popular for actresses to color their hair. It wasn’t until the middle of the century that a common woman dying her hair was accepted.

29. 1920’s n Silver Blonde Era –identified with entertainment figures »Jean Harlow - almost white blonde hair n Bleaching –daring but popular –mixed soap flakes, ammonia, peroxide & white henna with an old-fashioned egg beater n Eliminate yellow –mercury or silver dust was used

30. 1930’s n Chemicals were still unstable & harsh n Nonetheless, women were running to get their hair bleached –even though the chemicals were comparable to present day laundry bleaches n Hair color went back in the closet because only “loose girls” used it

31. 1932 n First oil shampoo tint introduced by Clairol n Could be applied directly to the hair with swab or brush because of the viscosity n Produce a true-to-life color n Launching haircolor on the route to become a huge, profitable industry

32. 1940 n Women admitted they colored their hair n Demand for color –needed to produce a permanent hair color –compatible with permanent waving n Two - step process –pre-lighten –to color

33. 1940 n The dye was without viscosity n Professional application –with cotton swab n Desired color –processing time n Beginning of the industry

34. 1950 n Silver & pastel blondes became the rage n “Technicolor” & motion picture industry –created a never-ending demand –“titian” & high-fashion shades n First real breakthrough –lightened hair without bleach

35. 1950 n Clairol –introduced Miss Clairol Hair Color Bath –lightened & tinted in a single step –spray - in colors became popular n Color took off

36. 1960’s n Introduction of shampoo - in color n Manufacturers made products so easy to apply –it could be done at home n 7 out of 10 women color their hair as well as men

37. 1960’s n Down fall of the industry n Drop in business in coloring n Created a need for special effects through application n This gave the Cosmetologist the opportunity to prove that haircoloring belongs in the hands of the professional

38. 1980’s n Women had choice –temporary –permanent –semi-permanent –vegetable dyes »for those with a “ natural bent “

39. Today n Advances in haircolor chemistry results in diversity of products n The field of dimensional haircoloring has brought a whole new audience to professional haircoloring n It is the combination of these skills that make a truly creative haircolor artist

40. Today n Laboratories throughout the world are now working on the first laser color n Lasers can lighten in a nanosecond –process has yet be controlled n Unless you want to go from black to white blonde ( maybe hairless ) in a lightening flash –forget lasers for the time being, they are perfected for use in hair removal