1. Rocks and the Rock Cycle

2. L15: Bell Ringer and Quick Write
1/23/15 Bell Ringer: What is the rock cycle?
Quick Write: What is a rock and how is it formed?
1/27/15 Bell Ringer: How is a rock different than a mineral?

3. Quick Write Answer:
A rock is a solid aggregate made up of one or more minerals.

4. Title ALL your pages R14: Unit 2 Geology (cover page)
L15: Bell Ringer and Quick Write
R15: Types of Rock
L16: Igneous Rock
R16: Metamorphic Rock
L17: Sedimentary Rock
R17: Rocks vs. Minerals
L18: What is a mineral?
R18: Mighty Mineral- Worksheet
L19: Mighty Mineral Poster

5. R15: Types of Rock Set up your foldable! Sedimentary– Brown
Igneous- Orange
Metamorphic- Red
Cut it out as ONE piece, THEN cut your slits

6. L16: Igneous Rock Cut out Title (Igneous)
Cut out Types of Igneous Rocks Box (it should be ONE piece)
Extrusive– Green
Both- Blue
Intrusive- Brown

7. R16: Metamorphic Roc Color Title Non-foliated – Red Both– Orange
Foliated-- Yellow

8. L17: Sedimentary Color title Clastic- purple Chemical- pink
Organic– blue

9. Three Types of Rocks Rocks are classified by how they form Igneous
Sedimentary
Metamorphic
Rocks can change from one type to another over time
Schist

10. Rock Classification Rocks are classified by: How they form Texture
Grain size
Mineral composition
Conglomerate Sedimentary Rock

11. Igneous Rocks
Igneous rock: forms when molten rock (magma) cools and hardens
Classified by:
Where they form
Crystal (grain) size
Basalt

12. L16: Intrusive Igneous Rock
cooling takes place slowly beneath Earth’s surface
Medium to coarse grained
Example: Granite
granite

13. Extrusive Igneous Rock
cooling takes place rapidly on Earth’s surface
Crystals form but don’t have time to grow
-fine grained
Example: Basalt, Pumice
Pumice

14. Igneous Rock Both: Forms when magma cools
Grain size depends on how much time it had to cool

15. Sedimentary Rock
Sedimentary rock: forms from the compaction and/or cementation of sediments
This process is called lithification
Sediments are:
Rock pieces
Mineral grains
Shell fragments
Limestone

16. How do sediments form?
weathering
Sediments form through the processes of weathering and erosion of rocks exposed at Earth’s surface
erosion

17. Sedimentary Rock con’t….
Sedimentary rock can also form from the chemical depositing of materials that were once dissolved in water
When water evaporates, minerals are left behind and form rock
gypsum

18. Metamorphic Rock
Metamorphic rock: forms when any rock type is changed into a different kind of rock
Changes due to great heat and/or pressure
Gneiss

19. Metamorphic Rock Foliated:
Repetitive layering in rocks caused by pressure pushing in different sections of the rock in different directions
(Examples: Slate, Gneiss and Schist)

20. Metamorphic Non-foliated:
Rocks don’t show layering and often made up of a single material
-Example: Marble, Quartzite, Anthracite)

21. Metamorphic
Both:
Original rock is exposed to heat and pressure which causes physical & chemical changes

22. How does a rock change?
Rocks are heated, squeezed, folded, or chemically changed by contact with hot fluids
marble

23. L17: Sedimentary
Lithification: loose sediment is converted to a solid rock
Over time rock becomes weathered and is converted to clay, sand, gravel and sometimes becomes dissolved in water

24. Sedimentary
Clastic:
-particles of weathered rock (gravel, sand, silt, clay)
-85% of sedimentary rock is Clastic

25. Sedimentary Chemical:
-created by chemical weathering/precipitation from minerals
-Example: Rock salt forms when salt precipitates from evaporating sea water

26. Sedimentary Organic: Lithified remains of plants and animals
Example: Coal (decomposed and compacted plan remains)

27. Rocks vs. Mineral Rock: Naturally occurring aggregate of minerals
Don’t have a definite chemical composition

28. Rock Vs. Mineral Mineral:
Naturally occurring substance formed through geological processes
Have a definite chemical composition

29. Rocks Vs. Minerals Both: Found in Earth’s crust
Commercial value (can be sold)

30. L18: What is a mineral? Color: Solid– Brown Inorganic– Blue
Formed in Nature– Green
Crystalline– Yellow

31. The Rock Cycle

32. The Earth Recycles Rock
The rock cycle is an ongoing series of processes inside Earth and on the surface
Slowly changes rocks from one kind to another
Any type of rock can change into another type

33. How does this relate to plate tectonics?
Plate movement drives the rock cycle
Subduction (1 plate pushed under another plate)
Re-melts rock into magma
Mountain building
Folding, faulting, uplift
Exposes rock at the surface to be weathered and eroded

36. Cementation and compaction (lithification)
Heat and pressure
Weathering, transportation(erosion), and deposition
Cooling and solidification
Melting

37. Rocks/Rock Cycle Foldable
Your foldable should include the following:
Name of each rock type
How each rock type formed
A brief description of rock type
At least 2 examples of each rock type
Illustrate 1 example for each rock type

38. Copy Me

39. Based on the processes shown in the diagram, which type of rock is formed at #1?
  A. Sedimentary
 B. Igneous
C. Metamorphic
D. Clastic
Because heat and pressure are needed to form #3, it must be what type of rock?
A.     Sedimentary
B.     Igneous
C.     Metamorphic
D.     Clastic