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Chapter 13 Electricity!
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Quick review: Conductors Insulators Like charges ___________ and unlike charges _____________. Repel Attract
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An objects electric charge depends on the imbalance of it protons and electrons. Objects can be charged by the transfer of electrons. Charging by Friction, Conduction and ________________.
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Electric Force = the force of attraction or repulsion between object due to charge. Electric Force depends on charge and _______________.
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Voltage and Current! Volt is the SI unit for potential difference. (voltage) (V) A cell is a source of electrical current because of the potential difference, or voltage, between the terminals. A voltage sets a charge in motion. ◦Example: Electrons move from the negative terminal of a battery to the positive terminal when a flash is turned on.
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Current is the rate that electric charges move through a conductor. ◦Measured in Amperes (A) ◦SI unit I
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*Conductors have low resistance* Resistance is the ratio of voltage across a conductor to the current it carries. Resistance is caused by internal friction and slows the movement of charges. Resistance = Voltage/Current
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Practice problems The heating element in an electric kettle has a resistance of 30 Ω. What is the current in the heating element when it is connected to a 230 V supply?
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A circuit contains a 6 volt battery and a bulb with a resistance of 3 ohms. Calculate the current. What is the voltage of a circuit with 15 amps of current and toaster with 8 ohms of resistance?
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A circuit contains two 1.5 volt batteries and a bulb with a resistance of 3 ohms. Calculate the current. You have a large flashlight that takes 6 D- cell batteries. If the current in the flashlight is 2 amps, what is the resistance of the light bulb? (Hint: A D-cell battery has 1.5 volts.)__________________
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Circuits!
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Electric Circuit: an electrical device connected so that it provides one or more complete paths for the movement of charges.
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Series Circuit
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Schematic Diagram: a graphic representation of an electric circuit or apparatus with standard symbols for the electrical devices.
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Key Parts of a circuit:
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