1. Managing Safety and Health Programs
2-hour Lesson
Sam Mason, CMfgT, CSTM Authorized OSHA Trainer Morehead State University

2. Managing Safety and Health Programs

3. Safety and Health Pays off
What Return can a S&H program provide?
Improved employee morale,
Decreased lost time,
Fewer workplace injuries and illnesses,
Lower insurance costs, and
Safety culture adoption.
These injuries cost society $127.7 billion in 1997, according to the National Safety Council figures.

4. Management System + S&H Integration
How can safety and health become a part of the way our business runs?
Combine performance standards with S&H standards,
Talk the talk and walk the walk,
Top down support, and
Bottom up implementation.

5. Doing a Safety & Health Check Up
What indicators tell me if I’m getting weaker or stronger?
Statistical reports,
Opinion surveys,
Risk analysis,
Periodic inspections,
Daily inspections
Checklists
Process improvement initiatives.

6. Creating Change What practices are best for assuring lasting success?
Obtain management buy-in.
Build trust.
Conduct self-assessments.
Develop a site safety vision.
Develop a system of accountability and measures.
Implement recognition and rewards.
Provide awareness training.
Implement process changes.
Continually measure, communicate results and celebrate successes.

7. Challenges
How can employers maintain a safe and healthy work environment?
What are the basic provisions of workers’ compensation laws?
What is OSHA and what does it do?
What are some of the main health and safety issues in the workplace?

8. Introduction
Research indicates benefits to companies who establish effective worker safety and health programs:
Reduction in the extent and severity of work- related injuries and illnesses
Improved employee morale
Higher productivity
Lower workers’ compensation costs

9. Proactive Safety and Health Management
H.W. Heinrich’s Theory

11. Workplace Safety and the Law Workers’ Compensation Benefits
Injuries or illnesses occurring on the job
Total disability benefits
Impairment benefits
Survivor benefits
Medical expense benefits
Rehabilitation benefits

12. Exemplary Workplaces
Common characteristics of effective safety and health programs:
Assignment of responsibility to managers, supervisors, and workers
Regular inspections to control hazards
Employee training and orientation for the recognition and avoidance of hazards

13. S & H Program Guidelines
Systematic approach to hazard:
Identification
Evaluation
Control

14. S & H Program Guidelines
Goes beyond specific requirements of the law to focus on all hazards

15. S & H Program Guidelines
As the size of the workplace increases so does the need for a formalized written program
Program effectiveness more important than “In Writing”
Element taken from the ‘Safety and Health Program Guidelines ’

16. Major Elements Keys to an effective program:
Management commitment and employee involvement
Worksite analysis
Hazard prevention and control
Safety and health training

17. Management Commitment
Management provides:
Direction and motivation
All in
Safety Teams, Safety and Health Leader
Resources
Videos
Continual on-site training
Activity control
Periodic Safety Plan revisions
Annual Self Inspections

18. Inspections?
Together federal and state OSHA programs have about 2,500 inspectors to cover more than 100 million workers at 6 million sites.
That's one inspector for every 2,400 worksites and every 40,000 employees.
At a rate of roughly 90,000 inspections per year, OSHA would visit each worksite once every 66 years!

19. Management Commitment
Safety and health policy statement
Clear program goals and objectives
Visible involvement in program from top management
Leadership
Focused
Committed

20. Management Commitment
Assignment of safety and health responsibilities
Clear communication of program goals

21. Management Commitment
Provides adequate authority to responsible personnel
Holds managers, supervisors and employees accountable for meeting their responsibilities

22. Management Commitment & Employee Involvement
Complement one another
Management provides the motivating force and resources for safety and health programs
Employee involvement provides workers opportunities to develop and express their own commitment to the safety and health program

23. Employee Involvement Active role for employees: Workplace inspections
Hazard analysis
Development of safe work rules
Training of coworkers & new hires

24. Worksite Analysis Hazard Identification:
Facilities
Processes
Materials
Equipment
Use professionals that understand the processes involved

25. Worksite Analysis Perform job hazard analysis
Break tasks down into elements
Identify the hazards in each element
Identify control measures and safe work rules for each element

26. Worksite Analysis Identify existing hazards
Anticipate hazards where procedures or operations change

28. Worksite Analysis
Provide for regular site safety and health inspections
Method for reporting and correcting hazards:
Communication of hazards
Method for correcting reported hazards
Prioritizing work
Timeliness
Without fear of reprisal

29. Worksite Analysis Effective system for: Identify root causes
Accident Investigations
Near Misses
Identify root causes
Contributing factors
Methods for prevention of reoccurrence

30. Worksite Analysis Plan

31. Worksite Analysis Plan
Conduct a comprehensive, baseline survey for safety and health and periodic, comprehensive update surveys.
Change analysis of planned and new facilities, processes, materials, and equipment.
Perform routine job hazard analyses.
Conduct periodic and daily safety and health inspections of the workplace.

32. Worksite Analysis Analyze injury and illness trends over time:
Identify injury type patterns
Identify injury task patterns
Analyze by department
Identify common causes and prevent reoccurrence

33. Hazard Prevention and Control
Make a determination that a hazard exists
Where feasible, eliminate by job or task design/redesign
If elimination is not feasible, then control the hazard:
Engineering controls
Administrative controls
Personal protective equipment (PPE)

34. Hazard Prevention and Control
System for timely correction or control of hazards
Safe work procedures:
Developed from worksite analysis
Training
Correction of unsafe performance
Positive reinforcement
Enforcement

35. Hazard Prevention and Control
Provide for facility and equipment maintenance
Plan and prepare for emergencies:
Training and drills
Medical Program
First aid
Physician and emergency care

36. Catching Hazards that Escape Controls
After hazards are recognized and controls are put in place, additional analysis tools can help ensure that the controls stay in place and other hazards don’t appear. These other tools include:
Employee reports of hazards
Accident and Incident investigations
Injury and illness trend analysis

37. Employee Reports of Hazards
Employees play a key role in discovering and controlling hazards that may develop or already exist.
Establish a reporting system by using
Supervisor chain of command,
Safety and health committee member
Voice mail box
Suggestion box

38. Employee Reports of Hazards
An effective reporting system needs:
A policy that encourages employees to report safety and health concerns,
Timely and appropriate responses to the reporting employee,
Timely and appropriate action where valid concerns exists,
Tracking of required hazard correction,
Protection of reporting employees from any type of reprisal or harassment.

39. Accident/Incident Investigations
Another tool to use for uncovering hazards that were missed
All accidents and incidents should be investigated
Even “Near-Misses”
Six questions should be answered
Who
What
When
Where
Why
How

40. Trend Analysis
Analysis of injury and illness trends over time to identify patterns with common causes so preventative measures can be taken.
Reviewing OSHA Injury and Illness forms
300 and 300A
Looking for similar injuries or illnesses
Indicate lack of hazard control
Where it occurred
Type of work being performed
Time of day
Type of equipment

41. Safety and Health Training
How do we know what the hazards are?
floor workers, supervisors, managers, contractors, and part-time and temporary workers

42. Safety and Health Training
When is training required?
New employee OR
Employee is new to the job
Change occurred (chemicals, processes, equipment)
When it is required by a Standard
Incident occurs
Audit shows is necessary
When Requested

43. Safety and Health Training
Only properly authorized and instructed employees should be allowed to do any job.
Make sure no one does a job that appears unsafe.
Hold emergency preparedness drills.
Pay particular attention when new operations are being learned so that everyone has the proper job skills and awareness of hazards.
Supervisors and managers should be trained to recognize hazards and understand their responsibilities.

44. Safety and Health Training
The five principles of teaching and learning should be followed to maximize program effectiveness. They are:
Trainees should understand the purpose of the training.
Information should be organized to maximize effectiveness.
People learn best when they can immediately practice and apply newly acquired knowledge and skills.
As trainees practice, they should get feedback.
People learn in different ways, so an effective program will incorporate a variety of training methods.

45. Types of Safety and Health Training Needed:
Orientation training for site workers and contracts/contractors
JSAs, SOPs, and other hazard recognition training
Training required by OSHA standards, including the Process Safety Management standard
Training for emergency response people
Accident investigation training
Emergency drills

46. Safety and Health Training
Effective new employee orientation:
Employee safety and health responsibilities
Protective measures
Proper procedures for machine operation
Understand all safeguards
Exits and emergency procedures

47. Safety and Health Training
Who needs it?
New hires, contract workers, employees who wear PPE, workers in high risk
Managers and supervisors
Importance of visibly supporting the safety and health program and setting a good example
Company policies and procedures
Hazard detection and control
Accident investigation
Handling of emergencies
How to train and reinforce training

48. Evaluating Safety and Health Training
Reinforcing employee training:
Continual feedback
Refresher training as needed
If you give a document in Native language, you need to give the training in the Native language
If done correctly, can identify strengths and weaknesses
Keep training records to ensure everyone who should get training does.

49. OSHA
Alliances
Strategic Partnerships
VPP

50. Alliances
Enables organizations committed to workplace safety and health to collaborate with OSHA to prevent injuries and illnesses in the workplace
OSHA and its allies work together to reach out to, educate, and lead the nation's employers and their employees in improving and advancing workplace safety and health.

51. Alliance Benefits
Build trusting, cooperative relationships with the Agency.
Network with others committed to workplace safety and health.
Leverage resources to maximize worker safety and health protection.

52. How Alliances Work
OSHA and the participating organization must define, implement and meet a set of short and long-term goals that fall into three categories:
Training and education
Outreach and communication
Promote the National Dialogue on Workplace Safety and Health

53. Getting Started with Alliances
For national Alliances, contact OSHA's Office of Outreach Services and Alliances at
For regional or local Alliances, contact the OSHA regional office for your area.

54. OSHA Strategic Partnerships
The OSHA Strategic Partnership Program for Worker Safety and Health (OSPP), adopted on November 13, 1998
An expansion of OSHA's experience with voluntary programs.

55. OSHA Strategic Partnerships
Extended, voluntary, cooperative relationship with groups of employers, employees, and employee representatives
Opportunity to identify a common goal, develop plans for achieving that goal, and cooperate in implementation.
Most are small businesses, with an average employment of 22 workers.

56. Partnership Growth
OSHA Strategic Partnerships

57. OSHA Strategic Partnerships
Many of these partnerships focus on areas of concern addressed in OSHA's Strategic Plan.
These partnerships are seeking solutions to silica and lead exposures
Serious hazards in the:
Nursing home,
Food processing,
Logging, and
Construction industries.

58. OSHA Strategic Partnerships

59. OSHA Strategic Partnerships

60. Voluntary Protection Program (VPP)
Designed to recognize and promote effective safety and health management.
In the VPP, management, labor, and OSHA establish a cooperative relationship at a workplace that has implemented a strong program:
Management program that meets OSHA criteria
Employees participate & work with management
OSHA provides public recognition
Removal from routine inspections

61. OSHA
Consultation Services

62. OSHA Consultation Service
Free Service:
Find out about potential hazards in the workplace
Improve safety & health management systems
Qualify for one-year exemption from routine inspection

63. OSHA Consultation Service
Delivered by state governments:
Well trained staff
On-site consultation
Confidential
Commitment to correcting serious job hazards