1. The Czech Languages Laura A. Janda UNC-CH

2. Pre-History Original inhabitants were Celts Slavs arrived in 6 th century Legends of matriarchal rule, prophesy of Libuše, and “Girls’ War” in 7 th century Creation of Greater Moravia in early 9 th century

3. Christianization of the Slavs SS. Cyril and Methodius travel to Moravia in 863, invited by Prince Rostislav, first development of written language for Slavs 880 S. Ludmila is baptized by Methodius; Svatopluk blinds Rostislav, drives Methodius out, makes deal with Franks 924-935 Prince Václav (“Good King Wenceslaus”) reigns briefly and is murdered like his grandmother Ludmila

4. Christianization of the Slavs

5. Charles IV 1346-1378, King of Bohemia and Holy Roman Emporer 1348 founding of Charles U. in Prague, oldest university north of the Alps Founding of New Town, construction of St.Vitus’ Cathedral, Charles Bridge, many monasteries and castles, golden age of Bohemian art First complete translation of the Bible into Czech

6. Charles IV 1346-1378, King of Bohemia and Holy Roman Emporer

7. Reformation and Early Habsburg Rule 1415 Jan Hus, preacher and inventor of diacritics burned at the stake 1419-1434 the Hussite wars 1526, Ferdinand I, a Habsburg, becomes King of Bohemia, and ultimately Austria and Hungary as well, ushering in 400 years of Habsburg rule in Bohemia 1579-1594 translation of Kralice Bible and golden age of Czech literature

8. Decline and Renewal 1618 Habsburg repressions incite Prague defenestration, initiating 30 Year War 1620 Defeat at White Mountain Two centuries of decline and oppression 1809 Josef Dobrovský’s Czech grammar Remainder of 19 th century: Czech National Revival

9. The Twentieth Century 1918 Dr. Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk becomes president of the “First Republic” 1938 Munich agreement signed by Hitler, Mussolini, Chamberlain, Daladier 1948 Communist party comes to power 1968 Prague Spring and August invasion 1989 Velvet Revolution 1993 Velvet Divorce

10. Diglossia: When a population uses one language for high-brow purposes, such as written documents, but another language for all other purposes

11. King James > Scots English Phonology (sounds)  Loss of final consonants and > an; of > o; have > hae; with > wi  Diphthongization to > tae; parts > pairts; dogs > dowgs; eating >aitin Morphology (forms of words)  Verb endings saying > sayin; the dogs get > the dowgs gets

12. King James > Scots English Syntax (how words are combined)  Be it unto thee even as thou wilt > ye will een hae your will  Her daughter was made whole > her dachter cowred her ill Lexicon (words)  Children’s > bairns’  Table > buird

13. Literary Czech > Spoken Czech Phonology  é>í; ý>ej; o- > vo- Morphology  Endings are different for nouns, adjectives, adverbs, pronouns, numerals, conjugated verb forms  Gerunds and participles are absent in the spoken language

14. Literary Czech > Spoken Czech Syntax  Relative clauses are formed differently  Pronouns and cases are used differently Lexicon Hundreds of common words are different, such as the words for ‘father’, ‘house’, ‘money’, ‘mouth’, ‘few’, ‘much, many’

15. A true story… Já mluvím úplně spisovně. Ty to ale slyšíš nespisovnejma ušima. “I speak in a completely literary fashion. You, however, hear it with unliterary ears. The literary Czech version would be nespisovnýma