1. 1 © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public IP Telephony What is VoIP? VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol), sometimes referred to as Internet telephony, is a method of digitizing voice, encapsulating the digitized voice into packets and transmitting those packets over a packet switched IP network.

2. 2 © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public IP Telephony Why VoIP? (Key Benefits of VoIP) Elimination of expensive leased lines, PBXs and PBX lines and PSTN lines with recurring monthly costs Ease of adds, moves and changes. Elimination of costly tie lines between multiple PBXs Reduction of supported PBXs resulting in the reduction of annual maintenance and support contracts Reduction of costly long distance charges between branch offices via toll-bypass – sending voice traffic over the existing data network

3. 3 © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public IP Telephony VoIP Voice Protocols  VoIP uses two common protocols to carry your voice: – User Datagram Protocol (UDP) – Real-Time Protocol (RTP) RTP DataIPUDP VoIP Packet

4. 4 © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public IP Telephony Voice over UDP UDP was not designed for transporting voice Due to its quick transporting ability, it is suitable for voice Basic shortcoming of UDP No packet loss recovery mechanism Voice communications can tolerate some loss Efficient coding techniques can be design to recover some lost packets Supporting QoS can reduce the probability of packet loss No packet ordering scheme Packets in the same session are unlikely to follow different paths …we still like to resolve some of the shortcomings of UDP

5. 5 © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public IP Telephony Real-Time Transport Protocol Provides end-to-end network functions and delivery services for delay-sensitive, real-time data, such as voice and video Works with queuing to prioritize voice traffic over other traffic Services include: Payload type identification Sequence numbering Timestamping Delivery monitoring

6. 6 © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public IP Telephony VOIP Signaling Protocols H.323 - ITU standard, ISDN-based, distributed topology - 90%+ of all Service Provider VoIP networks - The current interconnect for CallManager to Service Providers - Useful for video applications SCCP (Skinny Protocol) - Centralized Call-Control architecture. - CallManager controls all features. - over 700,000 IP Phones deployed MGCP - IETF RFC2705 - Centralized Call-Control Architecture - Call-Agents (MGC) & Gateways (MG) SIP - IETF RFC2543 - Distributed Call-Control - Used for more than VoIP…SIMPLE: Instant Messaging / Presence

7. 7 © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public IP Telephony WAN VOIP Signaling Protocols H.323 between Cisco CME systems H.323 PSTN Gateway and IP to IP Gateway functionality PSTNWAN SIP PSTN

8. 8 © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public IP Telephony VOIP Topology that will be created in lab. Analog Phones ATA 186 401 301302 402 201202 1751 Router with CCME 101102 PSTN 27575432 55575432

9. 9 © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public IP Telephony Cisco IP Phone 7905

10. 10 © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public IP Telephony Cisco IP Phone 7905

11. 11 © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public IP Telephony Cisco IP Phone 7960

12. 12 © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public IP Telephony Cisco IP Phone 7960

13. 13 © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public IP Telephony Cisco ATA 186

14. 14 © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public IP Telephony Panasonic PBX 3/8

15. 15 © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public IP Telephony Voice Dial Plans, Configuring Voice Interfaces and Dial Peers Cisco Networking Academy Program

16. 16 © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public IP Telephony Analog Voice Interface: FXS Connects directly to analog phones or faxes Used to provision local service Provides power, call progress tones, and dial tone Foreign exchange station interface FXS

17. 17 © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public IP Telephony Analog Voice Interface: FXO PSTN FXO Connects directly to office equipment Used to make and receive calls from the PSTN Can be used to connect through the PSTN to another site Answer inbound calls arriving Foreign exchange office interface

18. 18 © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public IP Telephony Dial-Peer Call Legs

19. 19 © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public IP Telephony Configuring Dial Peers

20. 20 © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public IP Telephony Understanding Dial Peers Cisco voice-enabled routers support two types of dial peers: POTS dial peers: Connect to a traditional telephony network VoIP dial peers: Connect over a packet network 2600XM 3700 1700

21. 21 © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public IP Telephony Configuring POTS Dial Peers

22. 22 © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public IP Telephony Configuring VoIP Dial Peers

23. 23 © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public IP Telephony Default Dial Peer 0

24. 24 © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public IP Telephony PLAR Connection

25. 25 © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public IP Telephony Configuring Cisco CallManager Express (CME) Cisco Networking Academy Program

26. 26 © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public IP Telephony Overview of Cisco CME

27. 27 © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public IP Telephony What is Cisco CallManager Express? Cisco CME Trunks WAN Call processing for small to medium sized deployments VoIP integrated solution Up to 120 IP phones IOS based solution PSTN

28. 28 © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public IP Telephony Cisco CallManager Express Requirements Select IOS based platform Multiservice access routers 2600XM 3700 1700 IOS platform 12.3(7)T or greater is recommended IP Voice Cisco CME software and files GUI files Firmware

29. 29 © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public IP Telephony Cisco CME Features and Functionality

30. 30 © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public IP Telephony Supported Protocols and Integration Options (Cont.) Analog Phones ATASkinny Analog H.323 Or SIP FAX ATA

31. 31 © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public IP Telephony Supported Protocols and Integration Options (1) H.323 Protocol (2) Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) (3) Skinny Client Control Protocol (SCCP) Cisco proprietary Call Control protocol Lightweight protocol Low memory requirements Low complexity Low CPU requirements

32. 32 © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public IP Telephony Supported Protocols and Integration Options (Cont.) Cisco CME does not support remotely registered phones Remote Phones Local Phones PSTN WAN CME XX

33. 33 © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public IP Telephony DHCP Service Setup Assigns an IP addresses and subnet masks for one or more subnets Optionally can assign a default gateway Optionally can assign DNS servers Optionally can assign other commonly used servers The DHCP scope can be customized to assign a TFTP server to IP phones Best practice is to configure a DHCP scope for the IP phones Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

34. 34 © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public IP Telephony DHCP Service Setup (Cont.): Phone Bootup Range of available IP addresses The subnet mask A default gateway The address of the TFTP server DNS server(s) On the Cisco CME router a DHCP Scope can be configured. The scope should define the following: The IP phone powers on The phone performs a Power on Self Test (POST) The phone initializes the IP stack The phone boots up Continued next slide…

35. 35 © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public IP Telephony DHCP Service Setup (Cont.): Phone Bootup (Cont.) IP phone send DHCP Discover broadcast requesting an IP address DHCP server selects a free IP address from the pool and sends along with the other scope parameters as a DHCP Offer The IP phone initializes applies the IP configuration to the IP stack The IP phone requests it configuration file from the TFTP server

36. 36 © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public IP Telephony DHCP Service Setup (Cont.) Configuring DHCP on an IOS router Option 150 sets the TFTP server on the IP phone The TFTP server contains the configuration files and firmware for the IP phone CMERouter(config)#ip dhcp exluded-address 10.90.0.1 10.90.0.10 CMERouter(config)#ip dhcp pool mypool CMERouter(dhcp-config)#network 10.90.0.0 255.255.255.0 CMERouter(dhcp-config)#option 150 ip 10.90.0.1 CMERouter(dhcp-config)#default-router 10.90.0.1 CMERouter(dhcp-config)#dns-server 10.100.0.1 10.100.0.2 CMERouter(dhcp-config)#exit

37. 37 © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public IP Telephony IP Phone Registration

38. 38 © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public IP Telephony Files Firmware SEPAAAABBBBCCCC.cnf.xml XmlDefault.cnf.xml SCCP-dictionary.xml Phonemodel-dictionary.xml Phonemodel-tones.xml Files critical to the IP phone TFTP Server XML SEP

39. 39 © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public IP Telephony Files (Cont.): Firmware Firmware is installed in flash with the Cisco CME software or individually as needed Served up by the TFTP server on the Cisco CME router The command tftp-server flash:firmware-file-name CMERouter1#show flash -#- --length-- -----date/time------ path 1 399514 Mar 1 2002 12:56:28 P00305000301.sbn 2 22649180 Mar 1 2002 12:38:00 c3725-ipvoice-mz.123-7.T.bin 3 321939 Mar 1 2002 12:55:58 CP7902010200SCCP031023A.sbin 4 317171 Mar 1 2002 12:56:06 CP7905010200SCCP031023A.sbin 5 317968 Mar 1 2002 12:56:10 CP7912010200SCCP031023A.sbin 6 700651 Mar 1 2002 12:56:18 CiscoIOSTSP.zip 7 369950 Mar 1 2002 12:56:22 P00303020214.bin 8 333822 Mar 1 2002 12:56:30 P00403020214.bin 9 47904 Mar 1 2002 12:56:54 S00103020002.bin 10 301298 Mar 1 2002 12:56:56 ata18x-v2-16-ms-030327b.zup 11 496521 Mar 1 2002 12:57:22 music-on-hold.au 12 1908762 Mar 1 2002 12:56:54 P00503010100.bin 13 21 Mar 1 2002 12:56:18 OS7920.txt 14 839984 Mar 1 2002 12:57:18 cmterm_7920.3.3-01-06.bin … 33 307067 Mar 1 2002 12:56:02 CP79050101SCCP030530B31.zup 34 710144 Mar 1 2002 12:57:06 cme-gui-3.1.1.tar 7905 Firmware 7940 Firmware 7960 Firmware

40. 40 © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public IP Telephony Files (Cont.): Device Configuration XML File 2000 10.15.0.1 {Jan 01 2002 00:00:00} P00303020214 - English_United_States en United_States 0 http://10.15.0.1/localdirectory SEPXXXXXXXXXXXX.cnf.xml * XXXXXXXXXXX = to the MAC address XML SEP

41. 41 © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public IP Telephony Files (Cont.): Default XML File 2000 10.15.0.1 P00403020214 P00303020214 XMLDefault.cnf.xml * Notice there is no ATA or 7914 XML Default

42. 42 © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public IP Telephony Files (Cont.): Language Specific XML Files … 7960-dictionary.xml SCCP-dictionary.xml Contents will vary based upon language selected with the user-locale command XML Language

43. 43 © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public IP Telephony Files (Cont.): Call Progress XML File 7960-tones.xml Contents will vary based upon call progress tones selected with the network- locale command XML Call Progress

44. 44 © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public IP Telephony Ephone-dn and Ephone

45. 45 © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public IP Telephony Ephone-dn DN1 A DN and Extension number are equivalent Line and voice port are equivalent Has a unique tag or sequence number assigned when the ephone-dn is created Can have one or more telephone numbers associated with it Can have one voice channel or two voice channels Creates one or more telephony system pots dial peers when the ephone-dn is initially configured DN1 and DN2 Primary/Secondary extensions configured on a single line ephone-dn where the primary is an internal extension number and the secondary is an E.164 number One phone extension on a dual line ephone-dn for ephone-dns that need call waiting, consultative transfer and conferencing DN1 Primary extension number on a single line ephone-dn that can make or receive one call at a time ephone-dn

46. 46 © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public IP Telephony ephone-dn dn-tag [dual-line] router(config)# This command is used to create an extension (ephone-dn) for a Cisco IP phone line, an intercom line, a paging line, a voice-mail port, or a message- waiting indicator (MWI). number dn-number secondary dn-number [no-reg [both | primary]] router(config-ephone-dn)# This command is used to associate a DN number with the ephone-dn instance Ephone-dn (Cont.)

47. 47 © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public IP Telephony Ephone MAC 000F.2470.F92A MAC 000F.2470.F92E MAC 000F.2470.F92B 7960 7912 ATA 188 Button 1 Analog 1 Analog 2 Button 1 Button 2 Button 3 Button 4 Button 5 Button 6 DN MAC 000F.2470.F92D Software configuration of a physical phone Has a unique tag or sequence number assigned when the ephone is created Can be an IP phone, analog phone attached to an ATA The MAC of the IP phone or ATA is used to tie the software configuration to the hardware The hardware is auto detected for all supported models except the ATA and 7914 expansion module Can have one or more ephone- dn(s) associated with the ephone Number of line buttons will vary based on the hardware

48. 48 © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public IP Telephony ephone phone-tag router(config)# Creates an ephone instance and enters ephone configuration mode mac-address router(config-ephone)# Assigns the physical IP phone by MAC address with this instance of an ephone Ephone (Cont.)

49. 49 © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public IP Telephony Ephone (Cont.) button button-number {separator} dn-tag [[button-number {separator} dn-tag]…] router(config-ephone)# Associates the ephone-dn(s) with a specific button(s) on the IP phone type {7940 | 7960} addon 1 7914 [2 7914] router(config-ephone)# Defines the device as a 7914 module(s)

50. 50 © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public IP Telephony Ephone (Cont.): Basic Example CMERouter(Config)#ephone-dn 7 CMERouter(Config-ephone-dn)#number 1001 CMERouter(config)#ephone 1 CMERouter(config-ephone)#mac-address 000F.2470.F8F8 CMERouter(config-ephone)#button 1:7 MAC 000F.2470.F8F8 1001 ephone 1 Button 1 ephone-dn 7: one virtual port 000F.2470.F8F8

51. 51 © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public IP Telephony Ephone (Cont.): Example Multiple Ephones Four physical phones Four ephones defined Four ephone-dns defined ATA-186/188 1004 1005 1006 1007 1004 1005 1006 1007

52. 52 © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public IP Telephony Ephone (Cont.): Example Multiple Ephones Configuration CMERouter(config)#ephone-dn 10 dual-line CMERouter(config-ephone-dn)#number 1004 CMERouter(config)#ephone-dn 11 dual-line CMERouter(config-ephone-dn)#number 1005 CMERouter(config)#ephone-dn 12dual-line CMERouter(config-ephone-dn)#number 1006 CMERouter(config)#ephone-dn 13 dual-line CMERouter(config-ephone-dn)#number 1007 CMERouter(config)#ephone 1 CMERouter(config-ephone)#mac-address 000F.2470.F8F1 CMERouter(config-ephone)#button 1:10 CMERouter(config)#ephone 2 CMERouter(config-ephone)#mac-address 000F.2470.A302 CMERouter(config-ephone)#button 1:11 CMERouter(config)#ephone 3 CMERouter(config-ephone)#mac-address 000F.2470.66F6 CMERouter(config-ephone)#button 1:12 CMERouter(config)#ephone 4 CMERouter(config-ephone)#mac-address 000F.2470.7B54 CMERouter(config-ephone)#type ata CMERouter(config-ephone)#button 1:13 Configuration example

53. 53 © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public IP Telephony Ephone (Cont.): Multiple Ephone-dns Two physical phones Four dual line ephone-dns defined Two ephones defined 1008 on line 1 1009 on line 2 1008 1009 1010 1011 1010 on line 1 1011 on line 6 Button 1 Button 2 Button 1 Button 6

54. 54 © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public IP Telephony Ephone (Cont.): Multiple Ephone-dns Configuration Example CMERouter(config)#ephone-dn 14 dual-line CMERouter(config-ephone-dn)#number 1008 CMERouter(config)#ephone-dn 15 dual-line CMERouter(config-ephone-dn)#number 1009 CMERouter(config)#ephone-dn 16 dual-line CMERouter(config-ephone-dn)#number 1010 CMERouter(config)#ephone-dn 17 dual-line CMERouter(config-ephone-dn)#number 1011 CMERouter(config)#ephone 5 CMERouter(config-ephone)#mac-address 000F.2470.FAA1 CMERouter(config-ephone)#button 1:14 2:15 CMERouter(config)#ephone 6 CMERouter(config-ephone)#mac-address 000F.2470.A7E2 CMERouter(config-ephone)#button 1:16 6:17 Multiple line ephone configuration example

55. 55 © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public IP Telephony Single Line Ephone-dn The ephone-dn creates one virtual voice port One call to or from this ephone-dn at any one time CMERouter(Config)#ephone-dn 1 CMERouter(Config-ephone-dn)#number 1001 1001 One channels One virtual voice port

56. 56 © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public IP Telephony Dual Line Ephone-dn The ephone-dn creates one virtual voice port The “dual-line” keyword indicates two voice channels for calls to terminate on an ephone-dn extension Use on ephone-dns that need call waiting, consultative transfer, or conferencing on one button Cannot be used on ephone-dns used for intercoms, paging, MWI or MoH feeds CMERouter(Config)#ephone-dn 2 dual-line CMERouter(Config-ephone-dn)#number 1002 1002 Two channels One virtual voice port

57. 57 © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public IP Telephony max-dn router(config-telephone)# Sets the maximum definable number of ephone-dns that may be configured in the system Number of Ephone-dns max-dn Command The maximum number of ephone-dns supported is a function of the license and hardware platform The default is zero

58. 58 © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public IP Telephony Number of Ephone-dns (Cont.) DN CMERouter(config-telephony)#max-dn 10 CMERouter(config-telephony)#max-ephones 10 Attempting to create an 11 th ephone-dn will fail

59. 59 © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public IP Telephony Initial Phone Setup

60. 60 © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public IP Telephony Manual Setup (Cont.): Commands Overview tftp-server flash:filename telephony-service max-ephones max-dn max-directory-numbers load phone-type firmware-file ip source-address ip-address [port port] create cnf-files keepalive seconds Commands needed to configure a basic telephony service

61. 61 © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public IP Telephony 7940/60 Firmware tftp-server flash:filename CMERouter(config)# Allows a file in flash to be downloadable with TFTP Manual Setup (Cont.): tftp-server Command tftp-server flash:P00303020214.bin tftp-server flash:cmterm_7920.3.3-01-06.bin tftp-server flash:P00403020214.bin Available through TFTP 7920 Firmware 7910 Firmware

62. 62 © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public IP Telephony telephony-service CMERouter(config)# Enters telephony service mode max-ephone maximum-ephones CMERouter(config-telephony-service)# Sets the maximum number of ephones that may be defined in the system (default is 0) max-dn maximum-directory-numbers CMERouter(config-telephony-service)# Sets the maximum number of ephone-dn that may be defined in the system (default is 0) Manual Setup (Cont.): Telephony Service Commands

63. 63 © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public IP Telephony load model firmware-file CMERouter(config-telephony-service)# Associates a firmware file with the model of IP phone Manual Setup (Cont.): Firmware Association 7940/7960 7920 7910 telephony-service load 7960-7940 P00303020214 load 7920 cmterm_7920.3.3-01-06.bin load 7910 P00403020214 Filenames are case-sensitive 7940/60 Firmware 7920 Firmware 7910 Firmware

64. 64 © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public IP Telephony ip source-address ip-address [port port] CMERouter(config-telephony-service)# Identifies the address and port through which IP phones communicate with Cisco CME Manual Setup (Cont.): Source IP and Port telephony-service ip source-address 10.90.0.1 port 2000 10.90.0.1 XML Default

65. 65 © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public IP Telephony create cnf-files CMERouter(config-telephony-service)# Builds the specific XML files necessary for the IP phones Manual Setup (Cont.): Create XML Files telephony-service create cnf-files 10.90.0.1 000F.2473.AB14 SEP000F2473AB14.cnf.xml XML SEP

66. 66 © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public IP Telephony keepalive seconds CMERouter(config-telephony-service)# Sets the length of the time interval between keepalive message from the IP phones to Cisco CME Manual Setup (Cont.): Keepalive Default is 30 seconds, range is 10 – 65535 seconds If 3 keepalives are missed in a row, the device will have to register again telephony-service keepalive 10 Keepalive

67. 67 © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public IP Telephony Manual Configuration: Example ip dhcp pool MMAE network 10.90.0.0 255.255.255.0 default-router 10.90.0.1 option 150 ip 10.90.0.1 tftp-server flash:P00303020214.bin tftp-server flash:P00403020214.bin telephony-service load 7910 P00403020214 load 7960-7940 P00303020214 create cnf-files max-ephones 10 max-dn 10 auto assign 100 to 120 keepalive 10 ip source-address 10.10.0.1 port 2000 ephone-dn 1 dual-line number 401 ephone 1 mac-address 001B.53AD.6113 button 1:1

68. 68 © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public IP Telephony Manual Configuration: Example ephone-dn 2 dual-line number 402 ephone 2 mac-address 0019.306F.F5C2 button 1:2 ephone-dn 3 dual-line number 301 ephone 3 mac-address 1930.6FF5.C201 type ata button 1:3 ephone-dn 4 dual-line number 302 ephone 4 mac-address 001B.53AD.9743 type ata button 1:4

69. 69 © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public IP Telephony