1. Programming leisure and recreation services and facilities 報告人：謝博任

2. In this chapter: The what and why of leisure programming Programme classification Directional programme planning strategies Specific methods and approaches Co-ordinating the approaches to programming Targeting disadvantaged groups Programming muti-leisure centres

3. Introduction: Programming is the key element in the delivering services This chapter concentrates on the programming process and the manager’s role in that process

4. The what and why of leisure and recreation programming Programming is important Everything that a service….satisfying to them.(p.447) The opportunity is made available through the programme.

5. The what and why of leisure and recreation programming Other reasons for excellent programming: 1.Make the best use of resources 2.Resolve conflicting claims of times and space for available 3.The same place can often be used for different activities at different times 4.Space which is not sold today is lost forever

6. The what and why of leisure and recreation programming 5.Balance and fairness between a wide range of client and potential customers 6.Good programming is a means of achieving best result 7.The programme provides order and structure 8.Without programming, there could be chaos

7. The what and why of leisure and recreation programming Leisure programming planningschedulingtimetabling implementing action

8. The what and why of leisure and recreation programming The programme is the essence of leisure and recreation services; it’s their raison d‘être. ( 法文：存在 的理由。念法為：レーゾンデートル ) Programmes will differ depending on the facilities and on the aims of the organization. One of the hallmark of good programming is…aspect of the programme

9. Community recreation programming Community recreation programming incorporates many social objectives Local authorities in UK now faced with economic difficulties A balanced activity programme at a local authority leisure complex would have some of the following features: (see p.449 1~5)

10. Which main agencies programme leisure and recreation? There are many agencies and organizations involved in programming leisure and recreation services and facilities. There are 4 broad categories: the commercial sector institutional sector voluntary sector the local government sector

11. What constitutes a programme? activities amenities and facilities services staff money

12. Programme classification How a programme is classified is not of major importance. Classification helps in providing programme balance through analysis of each category. Simple classification can aid communication and administration. Easier for clients and customers to understand.

13. Programme classification 4 common classification: 1.by function: The most usual one. By listing a number of activities or group of activities. 2.by facilities: pitches available, pool opening times 3.by people: who the programme is intended for, such as … 4.by outcomes: ‘Learn to swim’, improver courses…

14. Directional programme planning strategies 2 main strategic directions: 1.social programming: the most common approach 2.community programming

15. Specific methods and approaches 1.Lettings policy or laissez-faire( 法文：自由放任 ) approach 2.The traditional approach 3.The comparative current trends approach 4.The expressed desires approach 5.The authoritarian approach 6.The political/social approach

16. Specific methods and approaches 7.Action-investigation-creation plan approach 8.External requirements approach 9.Cafeteria-style approach 10.The demand approach 11.The community orientation approach 12.Community leadership approach

17. Co-ordinating the approaches to prpgramming The leisure manager must: understand the lessons to be learned from various strategies and approaches understand the problems and opportunities within current community recreation programming Devise a logical and objective approach to the situation, bearing in mind the goals of the organization and the resources available

18. Co-ordinating the approaches to prpgramming The lessons to be learned from past mistakes (see page 457~458)

19. Targeting disadvantaged groups Public sector leisure facilities are less used by those who have social, economic and other hardships Positive leisure experience can lead to build up of self-image and self-confidence Positive programming to encourage wider community use (see table 21.1)

20. Programming multi-leisure centres Leisure centres provide the most challenging grounds for leisure programmers Multi-purpose leisure centres require programmers which use the same space in a variety of ways. Case study: Ponds Forge International Sports Centre, Sheffield

21. Programming multi-leisure centres Not only the large centres need good programming, but also the small one In the early part of last century, swimming pools were covered several functions Leisure programming is not new