1. Compaction in LBRC Training of Trainer Personnel on Environmentally Sound Design and Implementation of Public Works- Community Roads of the Productive Safety Net Program (PSNP)

2. Compaction in LBRC 1. What do we compact?  Soil during earth work on road  Gravel during road surfacing  Foundation of structures and backfill around structures (below, around and on top of pipe culvert, pipe culvert, at the back of retaining wall, any fill)  Around miscellaneous structures (scour checks, apron, riprap, etc.)

3. Compaction in LBRC (cont’d) 2. What other activities go with compaction?  Spreading of material like soil or gravel,  Watering of the material to be compacted,  For good compaction:  Must have optimum moisture content  Material preferably be well-graded like: Gravel 50%, Sand 40%, Silt/clay 10%

4. Compaction in LBRC (cont’d)  Effect of Watering:  High moisture fills voids and makes compaction difficult  Very low moisture does not wet materials and makes compaction difficult  Thus, optimum moisture content is very good for good compaction

5. Compaction in LBRC (cont’d) 3. What tools and light machinery are used?  Hand tools for spreading, level checking, etc.  Hand rammers for critical sections of a road and fill around structures,  For large earth work and gravel surfacing:  Tractor or animal pulled dead weight roller  Vibratory roller attached to tractor

6. ILO LBRC Video

7. Questions or comments from trainees or other trainers?

8. Training of Trainer Personnel on Environmentally Sound Design and Implementation of Public Works- Community Roads of the Productive Safety Net Program (PSNP) June 13-24, 2011 Ghion Ambassel Hotel Dessé, Ethiopia