1. New Generation ITS Communications Katsuyoshi Sato National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), IAI, Japan AP-NeGeMo

2. Study on ITS telecommunication system Millimeter wave ROF road-vehicle communication system ・ Multi-service ・ high speed data transmission Millimeter wave inter vehicle communication system ・ integrated radar communication system ・ safe operational support

3. What is Inter-Vehicle Communication (IVC)? Running vehicles on traffic road communicate each other directly for driving support. The applications using IVC are Automatic Cruse Control (ACC), Collision Avoidance, Multimedia (Inter-vehicle Karaoke ), e.t.c.. Short range communication ( ~ 100 m )

4. Keywords Inter-vehicle communication Millimeter wave (60 GHz) Propagation characteristics (fading, two ray model ) Data transmission experiments ( 1 - 10 Mbps )

5. Driving Support using Inter-Vehicle Communication

6. Why millimeter wave ( MM wave) ? High-efficiency of frequency reuse due to high attenuation compared with microwave (DSRC) Low attenuation caused by rain, fog, and snow compared with optical communications Potential of wide-band transmission Sharing of RF section between IVC system and radar system for collision avoidance Minaiturization of RF section

7. Problems on design of IVC system using MM wave Rapid changes in signal strength (Fading) Large Doppler-shift Strong shadowing effect Interference between cells Large frequency drift of RF sections Cost reduction

8. Research on IVC in NICT Measurement of propagation characteristics of 60 GHz millimeter wave on the road, expressway, e.t.c..  Propagation model between vehicles on the road, Fading effect, Doppler-shift, Diversity effect, Polarization effect Estimation of inter-vehicle wireless data transmission between running vehicles.  Characteristics of received power vs. bit error rate, Effect of space diversity Mod./Demod., Error correction System design for IVC system using millimeter wave  Feasibility study of IVC using millimeter wave, Standardization, Reflection into laws and regulations

9. Measurement of propagation characteristics Static condition (without fading ) Receieved power, bit error rate (BER) vs. distance Comparison between result & propagation model Effect of space diversity Bank Baseball Ground Building Test Course (200m) Parking Lot Vacant Lot TxRx Vacant lot

10. Experimental facility

11. Experimental condition

12. Dependence of antenna height and distance between vehicles Confirmation of two-ray propagation model Estimation of space diversity Dependence of polarization Main points of measurements

13. Two ray model direct wave reflected wave （ reflection coeficient = -1 ） TxRx d hthr Received power

14. Two ray model （ assumption ) Reflection coefficient of pavement = -1 Roughness of pavement was ignored Directivity of antennas was ignored Absorption of Oxygen @60 GHz = 16 dB/km

15. Test course Bank Baseball Ground Building Test Course (200m) Parking Lot Vacant Lot TxRx Vacant lot Prefablication Building

16. Resuls （ V-pol ）

17. Results （ Rxh = diversity, V-pol ）

18. Shadowing effect ( Sedan )

19. Inter-vehicle data transmission on expressway Experiments of data transmission on the expressway. Two vehicle run on the same lane in Yokohama-Yokosuka expressway at 80 km/h with the distance of about 100 m. Received power and BER were measured. Effect of space diversity also confirmed.

20. Measurement in expressway

21. Measurement results in expressway

22. Cumulative distribution of received power Without ShadowingWhole data

23. Cumulative distribution of BER

24. Regulation of 60 GHz band in Japan ( Aug. 9, 2000 ) 59 GHz - 66 GHz ( Unlicensed band ) ( ref. 60GHz - 61 GHz for Radar ) Picture transmission or data transmission Band width < 2.5 GHz / 1 channel Frequency variation < 500 ppm Transmission power < 10 mW Antenna gain < 47 dBi

25. Target system of IVC (provisional) Frrequency : 60 GHz band Cell size : 100 m - 150 m ( Line Of Sight) Data rate : 1 Mbps - 10 Mbps (air rate ) Power : 10 mW, Antenna Gain : 20 - 30 dBi Low-cost, small-size, high-reliability (Option) : Fusion between IVC & Radar system (60 GHz) ( image )

26. Experiment

27. Shadowing effect

28. Radar and Transponder system (Vehicle Safety System) Integrated communication unit with radar (Scanning Antenna) Transponder unit

29. Radar and Transponder system Transmission rate: 100kbps BER (typ.) less than 10-4 Comm. range: 100m Frequency: 60GHz Antenna beam width 3deg.(Radar) 30deg.(Transponder) Rader type: FM-CW FM sweep range: 100MHz Transponder Radar

30. Integrated Communication unit Transponder unit Transmission rate100kbps Transmission methodhalf-duplex BER less than 1.00E-04 Communication range100m Operating frequency60GHz band Output Power3.0mW(4.8dBm) Multiplex methodTime division / superimposed Modulation2FSK/AM Demodulation Homodyne detection /FSK demodulation Envelope detection /FSK demodulation Antenna beam width3° － Antenna gain30dB － Rader typeFM-CW － FM sweep range100MHz － dimensions150×250×120mm190×165×63mm specifications

31. Examples of application radio wave markers (road signs) radio wave markers (road signs) support for safe driving in converging traffic support for safe driving in converging traffic intersection safety intersection safety rear-end collision alarm rear-end collision alarm

32. radio wave markers (road signs) transponder

33. support for safe driving in converging traffic トラポン Transponder

34. intersection safety Transponder

35. rear-end collision alarm Transponder

36. Future work for realization of IVC system Detail investigation of propagation (fading) Measure against frequency drift of RF sections ( Mod. / Demod., EC, Sync., e.t.c. ) Access method ( multiple access ) Cost reduction Popularization strategy Fusion between IVC system & radar system

37. Road-Vehicle communication Millimeter-wave spot communication system high speed data transmission multi-service

38. Specification down link: 59.0-60.0 GHz up link: 61.0-62.0 GHz RF power: 10 dBm FDD antenna gain: 14dBm(base station), 11dBm(mobile station) modulation: D-BPSK band width: 270MHz data rate: 155.52Mbps

39. ROF spot communication system 12cmx18cmx6cm Base station Control station Mobile station Antenna

40. Packet Error Rate down linkup link １５ ｍ ０．５ ｍ １５ ｍ

41. Experiment configuration

42. Antenna pattern

43. Calculated received power (4.5 m height base station)

44. Experiment Base station

45. Received power

46. Packet Error Rate

47. PER and received power

48. Dynamic and Autonomous Multi-Hop Communication System for Advanced Customer-Provided Mobile Communications on VHF Band