1. B1 – HOW ORGANISMS WORK

2. Learning Objective To be able to explain how diet and exercise effect the human body Key words: Carbohydrates, Sugars, Fats, Malnutrition, Metabolic rate. Starter activity: Which MacDonald's food contains the most fat, and which contains the most sugar? B1 L1 Contains 60% of your recommended daily fat intake Contains 45% of your recommended daily fat intake Contains 200% of your recommended sugar intake

3. Good Better Best Able to describe what is meant by metabolic rate. Able to answer exam question Success Criteria At the end of this lesson it will be: Able to explain what a balanced diet is

4. You are what you eat The amount and Type of food that you eat has a major effect on your health. Carbohydrates and fats in your food provide the energy you need to stay alive and be active, good sources of these are: Carbohydrates – energy source Fats – provide energy Make hormones Insulation

5. Food also provides the proteins, vitamins and minerals you need to grow and replace damaged cells and tissues. Good sources of protein which -Build new cells Good sources of vitamins which Good sources of calcium (mineral)

6. Balanced diet When the Body gets just enough of each of the nutrients, that is known as a balanced diet. A balanced diet contains the correct amounts of: Carbohydrates Proteins Fats Vitamins Minerals Fibre Water

7. Learning objective check What is a balanced diet? Good Able to explain what a balanced diet is

8. Malnutrition Malnutrition is when you eat the wrong amount of each nutrient, either too much or too little (Protein, Carbohydrate, Fats, Vitamins, minerals)

9. What happens if you eat too much Fat? If you eat too much of the nutrient Fat, the blood cholesterol level rises, this rise is also affected by your genes. People with high blood cholesterol are at increased risk of developing diseases of the heart and blood vessels

10. When you eat too little nutrients When the Body doesn't get enough of the important nutrients, you can not only die of hunger but it can also contract Deficiency diseases.Deficiency diseases

11. KEY QUESTION: Explain how a diet high in fat affects cholesterol.

12. Metabolism Metabolism is the rate at which all the chemical reactions in the cells of the body are carried out. Thinking points: - Who needs the most energy? Thinking points: - Who needs the most energy? Three things that affect metabolic rate: Activity Levels The ratio of fat to muscle in the body Genes (inherited factors)

13. KEY QUESTION: Explain, in terms of metabolism why person A is thinner than person B. A A B B

14. Learning objective check Better Able to describe what is meant by metabolic rate.

15. Check point: Which nutrient? 1.Which 3 nutrients provide the body with energy? 2.Of these 3 which one also is used for growth and repair of muscle tissue? 3.Of these 3 which one is our main source of energy? 4.Look at the table below and answer the following questions a.Per gram which nutrient provides us with the most energy? b.Would you gain more weight eating more protein or more fat? Explain why. c.If you wanted to lose weight which nutrient should you reduce in your diet? Explain why. NutrientEnergy (calories) per gram Carbohydrate4.2 Protein4.1 Fat9.0

16. B1.1 Diet and Exercise : Evaluating slimming claims BL1FP June 2012 Past paper questions 1.How many grams of carbohydrate did the child eat? 2.The amount of carbohydrate you calculated in part 1 was more than the UK guideline daily amount for the child. How much more? 3.3. Give two possible health effects on the child of eating so many biscuits every day. One day a ten-year-old child ate a whole packet of the biscuits. The biscuits in the pack had a mass of 400 g.

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18. Learning objective check Best Able to answer exam question

19. Plenary – Identify 3 main points from lesson Identify 3 main points from this lesson that you expect to be tested on for you exam.

20. Why does a person become malnoushired? Give two signs of malnourishment. What two nutrients do we need in small amounts to maintain good health. State three things that affect metabolic rate: Define metabolic rate Name the three major nutrient groups and state why we need each Name two factors that influence blood cholesterol levels. Name three important things in the body cholesterol is used for. Explain the link between cholesterol and heart disease.

21. Why does a person become malnoushired? Give two signs of malnourishment. Complete the table to evaluate the use of statins and cholesterol blockers for treating high cholesterol levels. What two nutrients do we need in small amounts to maintain good health. Use the information on the left to work out the BMI for the following people. What dietary and medical advice would you give to each? State three things that affect metabolic rate: Define metabolic rate Name the three major nutrient groups and state why we need each Name two factors that influence blood cholesterol levels. NameMass (kg)Height (m)BMIAdvice Mr X Miss P Mrs Q 70 65 54 1.90 1.43 1.74 19.4 31.8 17.8 What are statins and cholesterol blockers used for? Explain how each works.. DrugAdvantagesDisadvantages Statins Cholesterol blockers. Name three important things in the body cholesterol is used for. BMI = mass in kg (height in m) 2 Underweight <18 Normal 19-24 Overweight 25 - 29 Obese >30 Explain the link between cholesterol and heart disease. Name a source of: Saturated fat: Unsaturated fat: How can you change the fat intake in your diet to reduce cholesterol?

22. Why does a person become malnoushired? Their diet is not balanced Give two signs of malnourishment. Overweight / underweight Deficiency disesase Complete the table to evaluate the use of statins and cholesterol blockers for treating high cholesterol levels. What two nutrients do we need in small amounts to maintain good health. Vitamins Minerals Use the information on the left to work out the BMI for the following people. What dietary and medical advice would you give to each? State three things that affect metabolic rate: Activity Levels The ratio of fat to muscle in the body Genes (inherited factors) Define metabolic rate is the rate at which all the chemical reactions in the cells of the body are carried out. Name the three major nutrient groups and state why we need each Carbohydrate – energy source Fat – energy, make hormones, insulation Protein – build new cells Name two factors that influence blood cholesterol levels. Diet Genes NameMass (kg)Height (m)BMIAdvice Mr X Miss P Mrs Q 70 65 54 1.90 1.43 1.74 19.4 31.8 17.8 Healthy Obese –eat less fat and sugar; exercise more Underweight – increase calorie intake What are statins and chloesterol blockers used for? Explain how each works. Drugs that lower blood cholesterol. Statins block enzyme in liver. Cholesterol blockers reduce dietary absorption. DrugAdvantagesDisadvantages Statins Cholesterol blockers Can lower cholesterol to zero Good for people with high cholesterol due to genetics Good for people with high cholesterol due to diet Less side effects than statins Need cholesterol to make hormones etc Potentially fatal side effects Can interact badly with other drugs. Can cause diarrhoea. Name three important things in the body cholesterol is used for. Cell membranes Steroid hormones Bile BMI = mass in kg (height in m) 2 Underweight <18 Normal 19-24 Overweight 25 - 29 Obese >30 Explain the link between cholesterol and heart disease. If you have a high ratio of LDLs to HDLs you have an increased risk of heart disease. This encourages cholesterol to be deposited in the walls of coronary arteries, Blockage prevents glucose and oxygen reaching the heart muscle so heart muscle cells cannot respire so die. Name a source of: Saturated fat: Meat, dairy, eggs Unsaturated fat: olive oil, peanuts, corn oil, sunflower oil, oily fish, margarine How can you change the fat intake in your diet to reduce cholesterol? Eat less saturated fats and more unsaturated