1. Ch 9, Section 4 Progressivism under William Howard Taft

2. Who won the Presidential election of 1908?
William Howard Taft (Republican)
Taft was Secretary of War under Teddy Roosevelt
2. In the 1908 election, which Democrat did William Howard Taft defeat?
William Jennings Bryan

3. 3. In many ways, the Taft Administration was what?
Progressive…but not fanatical
4. How was William Howard Taft different from Teddy Roosevelt?
He was more cautious
He did not have Roosevelt’s outgoing personality
Taft never won over the American public as Teddy Roosevelt had done

4. 5. From the 1860 Presidential election through the 1908 Presidential election, which Party had won every election but two?
The Republicans
They Republicans won: 1860, 1864, 1868, 1872, 1876, 1880, 1888, 1896, 1900, 1904, 1908

5. 6. From 1860 through 1908, which two Presidential elections did the Democrats win?
1884 and 1892
7. Which Democrat won in 1884 and 1892?
Grover Cleveland

6. 8. By 1910, which political party was beginning to split into Progressive versus Conservative wings?
The Republican Party
9. In the 1910 midterm elections, which party won control of the U.S. House of Representatives?
The Democratic Party, for the first time in nearly 20 years

7. 10. In 1910, former President Teddy Roosevelt (still a Republican) began to call for what?
A New Nationalism in which the federal government would exercise power on behalf of “the welfare of the people.”
11. Increasingly, Teddy Roosevelt was in conflict with whom?
President Taft and much of the Republican Party

8. 12. By 1912, former president, Theodore Roosevelt had decided to do what?
Run for President, but not as either a Republican or Democrat
13. As a figure of speech, what do we call candidates who are not Republicans or Democrats?
Third Party candidates

9. 14. What Party did Teddy Roosevelt (aka “T.R.”) represent?
The Progressive Party
15. What was the Progressive Party’s nickname in 1912?
The Bull Moose Party

10. 16. Why was the Progressive Party called the “Bull Moose Party?”
In response to an question about his health, T.R. responded that he was as “healthy as a bull moose,” and the name stuck.
17. What were some of the things that TR’s Bull Moose Party supported?
Direct election of U.S. Senators
Women’s suffrage
Workmen’s compensation
Eight-hour workdays
Minimum wages for women
Federal ban on child labor

11. 18. In 1912, who did the Democratic Party nominate as its candidate for the presidency?
Governor Woodrow Wilson of New Jersey
19. What did Republican voters do in 1912?
They split between Taft and Roosevelt
20. What other significant “Third Party” candidate ran for the presidency in 1912?
Eugene V. Debs, a Socialist

12. 21. Thus who were the four major presidential candidates and parties in the election of 1912?
President William Howard Taft, Republican
Governor Woodrow Wilson, Democrat
Former President Teddy Roosevelt, Progressive (Bull Moose)
Eugene V. Debs, Socialist Party

13. 22. Between which two candidates did the election campaign turn particularly nasty?
Taft versus Roosevelt (Republican versus former Republican)
23. What were some of the insults thrown by Roosevelt and Taft
Taft called TR a “dangerous egotist”
TR called Taft a “fathead” and a “guinea pig”

14. 24. Republican disunity helped whom the most?
Woodrow Wilson, the Democrat
25. Who ultimately won the Presidential election of 1912?
Woodrow Wilson
He became President on March 4, 1913

15. 26. What was the final score in electoral votes in the 1912 Presidential election?
Wilson (Dem) Electoral votes
Roosevelt (Prog) Electoral votes
Taft (Republican) Electoral votes
Debs (Socialist) Electoral votes

16. 27. What percent of the popular vote did Democrat Woodrow Wilson receive?
About 42%
28. What did Wilson, Roosevelt, and Debs all have in common?
They were all Progressives who devoted to economic and social reform in some shape, form, or fashion

17. 29. What was the approximate final score in terms of popular votes in the 1912 election?
Wilson (Dem) ,300,000
Roosevelt (Prog) ,100,000
Taft (Republican) ,400,000
Debs (Socialist) ,000

18. 30. Fundamentally, why did the Democrat, Woodrow Wilson, win the Presidential Election of 1912?
The Republican vote was divided between Roosevelt and Taft, thus ensuring Wilson’s victory