2. Introductions: Who are we? Name Institution What do you hope to get out of this workshop?

3. Motivation Discuss in groups of 3 or 4 (10 minutes) Why do you do problem solving in your physics course? What difficulties do students have with problem solving?

4. Why do we do problem solving in our physics courses?

5. What difficulties do students have with problem solving?

6. Try some out! Think about whether the coaches fit your goals and which student difficulties they might address. http://groups.physics.umn.edu/physed/prototypes.html Type 1Type 2Type 3 KinematicsSoftball catchRobbery investigation Archer DynamicsTrain stuntCar on curve Conservation of Energy Sliding puckSkate loopBungee jump Conservation of Momentum Hawk and gooseSkateboardAstronaut

7. Do the coaches fit our goals?

8. Which student difficulties do they address? Which do they not?

9. Theory Problem solving Cognitive apprenticeship Context-rich problems

10. Try a second type of coach Think about how the second type might address student difficulties and how the coaches might fit into a curriculum. Type 1Type 2Type 3 KinematicsSoftball catchRobbery investigation Archer DynamicsTrain stuntCar on curve Conservation of Energy Sliding puckSkate loopBungee jump Conservation of Momentum Hawk and gooseSkateboardAstronaut

11. How might the coaches fit into a curriculum?

12. Design Expert-like problem-solving framework Elaborated using task analyses Cognitive functions: deciding, implementing, assessing Instructional method Reciprocal teaching: Type 1 and type 2 Learning from well-studied examples: Type 3 Current status and future developments

13. Try a sequence of coaches How might they be used in class? What factors are necessary for making the coaches useful to students? Type 1Type 2Type 3 KinematicsSoftball catchRobbery investigation Archer DynamicsTrain stuntCar on curve Conservation of Energy Sliding puckSkate loopBungee jump Conservation of Momentum Hawk and gooseSkateboardAstronaut

14. How might coaches be used in class?

15. Modifying the coaches Changing the problem statement Changing the questions Changing the question text Changing the choices Changing the feedback Changing the graphics

16. What would you like to see or do with the coaches?

18. Make Decisions about Drawing A Picture

19. 19 Make Decisions about which Physics Principle to use

20. Algebra Help

21. Student decides what to do

22. 22 Student checks computer’s work (picture)

23. Student checks computer’s work (algebra)

24. Solve it on your own

28. Coaching Provide feedback while student is stepping through the task (drill). Provide feedback while student is practicing the task. Student provides feedback to other students while practicing the task.

29. 3 types of computer coaches 1st: Computer coaches the student – computer decides, student implements, computer assesses 2nd: Student coaches the computer – Student decides, computer implements, student assesses 3rd: Student works more independently – Computer provides help as necessary

30. Cognitive apprenticeship (Collins et al. 1990) An alternative model of instruction that is accessible within the framework of the typical classroom. 3 main elements: Modeling (e.g. classroom lecture) Coaching (e.g. instructor office hours) Scaffolding (e.g. worksheets) Fading (e.g. tests)