1. First Aid P-103 – Taking Charge Marcelo R. Cesar “Safety means first aid to the uninjured.” Anonymous

2. What is first aid? First aid is immediate medical attention that can be performed by anyone who learns it. It is often the first thing that is administered to a victim in need of assistance.

3. Are we training to learn first aid? Our goal is to learn English, not become trained paramedics. As per the module “Taking Charge”, part of your learning involves knowledge of basic and emergency health care. We will be focusing on theory and language rather than direct application.

4. What sort of related emergencies will we be learning the vocabulary of? Choking Bleeding Burn victims Shock victims Broken bones Drowning victims (CPR) Convulsions and seizures

5. Choking victims Make sure the person is choking. Ask the person, “Are you choking?” If the person cannot respond, call for help... …Then communicate you’ll perform first aid. Administer 5 back blows using the heel of your hand, and if that doesn’t help, use the Heimlich maneuver. Alternate the two until object becomes unstuck. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=unAWWFAB2 Ek

7. Bleeding victims Three basic steps… Apply direct pressure over the wound with their hand or a clean dressing. Do not remove dressings! If bleeding is severe and does not slow, elevate the bleeding area above the heart. After bleeding is controlled, bandage the wound to keep pressure on and promote clot formation. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uA-vHanFv1o

9. Burn victims For minor burns, cool the burned area with cold running water for at least 5 minutes or until the pain subsides. For deeper burns, keep area cool until ambulance arrives. Minor burns with reddened skin and no blisters may be treated with a topical burn ointment or spray to reduce pain. Ointments should be water soluble. Dress burns with gauze. DO NOT APPLY BUTTER OR OIL TO ANY BURN! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jBM8RB3- Mag

11. Shock victims A life-threatening condition where insufficient oxygen or blood flows to the tissues! Make certain victim’s airway is open, then call EMS. If back, neck, or head injury is suspected, DO NOT move victim. Otherwise, lay victim face up and elevate feet about 12 inches. Loosen tight clothing, then look for and treat injuries. Cover victim lightly with blanket. Do not feed victim. If victim vomits, turn them to the side and clean their mouth. Put an unresponsive or stroke victim in the recovery position.

13. Broken bones RICE: Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation DO NOT straighten the extremity if it is deformed - keep it in the position found. Stabilize the extremity. Immobilize w/ padding. This allows victim to rest. Put ice (in a bag) on the injury. Apply a compress with loose bandages. Elevate the extremity to reduce swelling. For severe fractures, a splint may be needed.

15. Drowning victims: CPR CPR stands for cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Attempt to wake up the victim. Call 911 if unresponsive. Tilt victim’s head back to clear airway Begin rescue breathing. Begin chest compressions. Repeat chest compressions and rescue breathing, alternating as needed.

17. Convulsions and seizures Move objects away from convulsing victim. DO NOT restrain the victim, and DO NOT insert anything in their mouth. Cushion the person’s head. Loosen tight clothing. If vomiting occurs, turn victim to their side. Stay with the person until help arrives. Monitor their vital signs.