1. United States ED 417-01 CRISTA BANBURY WENDY BUDDO MELISSA CRAFT

2. United States Grade : 3 UNIT: Underground railroad

3. Objectives Students will... Students will... Track an underground railroad routeTrack an underground railroad route Write a secret songWrite a secret song Take a field tripTake a field trip Create a classroom quiltCreate a classroom quilt Predict and assess predictions of Harriet Tubman book by: Chatherine NicholsPredict and assess predictions of Harriet Tubman book by: Chatherine Nichols

4. Materials Harriet Tubman book Harriet Tubman book Paper Paper Pencil Pencil Crayons Crayons Markers Markers Classroom wall map of United States Classroom wall map of United States Felt Felt Glue Glue

5. Websites Springboro Historical Society Springboro Historical Society http://www.shakerwssg.org/olde_springboro_village_ohio.htm http://www.shakerwssg.org/olde_springboro_village_ohio.htm http://www.shakerwssg.org/olde_springboro_village_ohio.htm National Geographic National Geographichttp://www.nationalgeographic.com/railroad/j1.html Cincinnati Freedom Center http://www.undergroundrailroad.org Cincinnati Freedom Center http://www.undergroundrailroad.org http://www.undergroundrailroad.org PBS http://www.pbs.org PBS http://www.pbs.org http://www.pbs.org History of the Drinking Gourd History of the Drinking Gourd http://www2.lhric.org/pocantico/tubman/gourd1.html

6. Children’s Books Almost To Freedom Almost To Freedom By: Vaunda Micheaux NelsonBy: Vaunda Micheaux Nelson Who Was Harriet Tubman Who Was Harriet Tubman By: Yona Zeldis McDonoughBy: Yona Zeldis McDonough Harriet Tubman Harriet Tubman By: Catherine NocholsBy: Catherine Nochols 27 Stations to “Libertyville” 27 Stations to “Libertyville” By: Don RossBy: Don Ross Scions, Sages, Saints and Soldiers: Significant Pioneers in Springboro Scions, Sages, Saints and Soldiers: Significant Pioneers in Springboro By: Don RossBy: Don Ross

7. Children’s Books A Taste of History Cookbook A Taste of History Cookbook By: Springboro Area Historical SocietyBy: Springboro Area Historical Society Walking the Road to Freedom Walking the Road to Freedom By: Jeri FerisBy: Jeri Feris Learning About Bravery from the Life of Harriet Tubman Learning About Bravery from the Life of Harriet Tubman By: Kiki MosherBy: Kiki Mosher Minty Minty By: Alan SchroederBy: Alan Schroeder The Underground Railroad : Journey to Freedom The Underground Railroad : Journey to Freedom By: Carla WilliamsBy: Carla Williams

8. Underground Railroad What is it? The underground railroad was a network of people who helped slaves escape to the North and Canada. The underground railroad was a network of people who helped slaves escape to the North and Canada. It was ran by many individuals, both white and black. It was ran by many individuals, both white and black. Hundreds of slaves escaped each year. Hundreds of slaves escaped each year.

9. Underground Railroad Timeline 1500s- People from Africa were brought to North America as slaves. 1500s- People from Africa were brought to North America as slaves. 1700s- slaves were described as property in many states (predominately southern states) 1700s- slaves were described as property in many states (predominately southern states) 1776- Declaration of Independence signed. 1776- Declaration of Independence signed. Early 1800s- importing of slaves banned. However, smuggling still occurs. Early 1800s- importing of slaves banned. However, smuggling still occurs.

10. Timeline 1800s- many slaves escaping from south to northern states and Canada. 1800s- many slaves escaping from south to northern states and Canada. 1860s- slavery outlawed in America. 1860s- slavery outlawed in America.

11. Communication STARS & SONGS STARS & SONGS The north star was a guide to the north, as well as a freedom symbolThe north star was a guide to the north, as well as a freedom symbol The “drinking gourd” was used by slaves as a code for the Big Dipper. The Big Dipper’s bowl pointed to the Little Dipper which contained the North star.The “drinking gourd” was used by slaves as a code for the Big Dipper. The Big Dipper’s bowl pointed to the Little Dipper which contained the North star. Drum beats were also used to communicate until the slave owners had the drums outlawed.Drum beats were also used to communicate until the slave owners had the drums outlawed.

12. Communication QUILTS QUILTS Quilts were used to indicate locations of safe houses, show escape routes, and to convey other information vital to escape & survive.Quilts were used to indicate locations of safe houses, show escape routes, and to convey other information vital to escape & survive. The information on the quilts were conveyed by patterns and symbols (ex. A “monkey wrench” quilt indicated a home belonging to an individual who might be a tool in the underground railroad.The information on the quilts were conveyed by patterns and symbols (ex. A “monkey wrench” quilt indicated a home belonging to an individual who might be a tool in the underground railroad. The quilts were hung on fence posts, windows, or anywhere they could be seen.The quilts were hung on fence posts, windows, or anywhere they could be seen. Candles and lamps were also used to show if a house was safe. The candles or lamps would be hung or place in certain windows.Candles and lamps were also used to show if a house was safe. The candles or lamps would be hung or place in certain windows.

13. Roles of Persons: Secrets of the Underground Railroad  What were the secret names for people who took part in the Underground Railroad?  Stations- homes where slaves could hide.  Conductors- people who helped guide the slaves who were escaping  Agents- people who offered clothes, food, and shelter to slaves.  Passengers- the escaping slaves.

14. Activity 1: Compose your own secret song! Try composing lyrics of your own that tells a story or gives instruction. Some ideas: Try composing lyrics of your own that tells a story or gives instruction. Some ideas: Tell your friend where to meet; how to get there, what will be doing.Tell your friend where to meet; how to get there, what will be doing. Tell your parents what you want for dinner, where you want to eat; and what time.Tell your parents what you want for dinner, where you want to eat; and what time.

15. The Drinking Gourd Follow the drinking gourd! For the old man is awaiting for to carry you to freedom, if you follow the drinking gourd. When the sun comes back, and the first quail calls, Follow the drinking gourd. For the old man is awaiting for to carry you to freedom, if you follow the drinking gourd. (Chorus) Verse 1: The riverbank makes a very good road, The dead trees will show you the way, Left foot, peg foot, traveling on, Follow the drinking gourd. Chorus Verse 2: The river ends between two hills, Follow the drinking gourd. There’s another river on the other side. Chorus Verse 3: When the great big river meets the little river, Follow the drinking gourd. For the old man is awaiting for to carry you to freedom, If you follow the drinking gourd. Chorus

16. Activity 2: Make a class freedom quilt Each student will design a square for the class freedom quilt. The square will have something to do with the underground railroad. Each student will design a square for the class freedom quilt. The square will have something to do with the underground railroad. After the students are done designing their square, the teacher and parent volunteers will help them make their square with fabric After the students are done designing their square, the teacher and parent volunteers will help them make their square with fabric Afterwards, the teacher will sew all square together to create a class freedom quilt. Afterwards, the teacher will sew all square together to create a class freedom quilt.

17. Activity 3: Read Harriet Tubman BY: Catherine Nichols Before reading: Before reading: Look at the cover and take a picture walk. The children will predict what the story is about.Look at the cover and take a picture walk. The children will predict what the story is about. During reading: During reading: Ask questions about Harriet and “Minty”. How did they feel about being a slave.Ask questions about Harriet and “Minty”. How did they feel about being a slave. After reading: After reading: Check predictions with children.Check predictions with children. Talk about the story, did the children like the story. What was their favorite part.Talk about the story, did the children like the story. What was their favorite part.

18. Activity 4: Field Trip Take a field trip to explore the Underground Railroad hands on at the Springboro Historical Society. Take a field trip to explore the Underground Railroad hands on at the Springboro Historical Society.

19. Activity 5 Mapping In small groups, map out an Underground Railroad route on classroom wall map. In small groups, map out an Underground Railroad route on classroom wall map. Make sure there are safe houses along the routeMake sure there are safe houses along the route Afterwards, estimate the distance of your route. Afterwards, estimate the distance of your route. When each group is finished, the teacher will lead a discussion of the hardships fugitive slaves would experience, which season would the be optimum in fleeing. When each group is finished, the teacher will lead a discussion of the hardships fugitive slaves would experience, which season would the be optimum in fleeing.

20. Mapping Activity (example)