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The First Americans
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Introduction Origins Regional Diversity Conclusion Key Terms:
Mesoamerica Southwest Eastern Woodlands Mississippian Iroquois New England Pacific Northwest Conclusion Key Terms: Bering Land Bridge Teotihuacan Aztec Anasazi Cahokia Iroquois Hiawatha
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Themes Origins of Native Americans in Western Hemisphere
Diversity of lifestyle Changing nature of Indian societies before European contact
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Introduction Origins Regional Diversity Conclusion Key Terms:
Mesoamerica Southwest Eastern Woodlands Mississippian Iroquois New England Conclusion Key Terms: Bering Land Bridge Teotihuacan Aztec Anasazi Cahokia Iroquois Hiawatha
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Aztec Capital - Tenochtitlan
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Native Americans and Origins
Numerous theories and beliefs… Many anthropologists and historians agree humans lived in North American about 35,000 BC How did they arrive…? Bering Land Bridge
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Map of Bering Land Bridge
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New World Civilizations
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Introduction Origins Regional Diversity Conclusion Key Terms:
Mesoamerica Southwest Eastern Woodlands Mississippian Iroquois New England Conclusion Key Terms: Bering Land Bridge Teotihuacan Aztec Anasazi Cahokia Iroquois Hiawatha
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Locations of Selected Native American Peoples, 1500 AD
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Farming Access to food = key Agricultural Origins
8000 B.C. Middle East 5000 B.C. Western Hemisphere
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Location Food Source Dwellings Interesting Facts Meso-american
Southwest Mississippian Iroquois Algonquian Pacific Northwest Location Food Source Dwellings Interesting Facts
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Introduction Origins Regional Diversity Conclusion Key Terms:
Mesoamerica Southwest Eastern Woodlands Mississippian Iroquois New England Conclusion Key Terms: Bering Land Bridge Teotihuacan Aztec Anasazi Cahokia Iroquois Hiawatha
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Major Mesoamerican Cultures
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Major Mesoamerican Cultures (Aztecs)
Became dominant power by 1400s Capitals = Tenochtitlan Pop: 300,000 (bigger than an city in Europe)
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Great Temple at Tenochtitlan
Aztec honored over 200 deities
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Major Mesoamerican Cultures (Aztecs)
Became dominant power by 1400s Capitals = Tenochtitlan Pop: 300,000 (bigger than an city in Europe) Irrigation network created fertile cropland and access to fresh water Still expanding their empire in early 1500s
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Introduction Origins Regional Diversity Conclusion Key Terms:
Mesoamerica Southwest Eastern Woodlands Mississippian Iroquois New England Conclusion Key Terms: Bering Land Bridge Teotihuacan Aztec Anasazi Cahokia Iroquois Hiawatha
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Southwest
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Southwest Know for its dry climate but farming was important Anasazi
Chaco Canyon - important center for trade Towns were set up so that straight roads would connect satellite communities
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Anasazi culture declined by 12th and 13th centuries as rain levels dropped.
Large communities most likely dissolved into smaller tribes and bands
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Introduction Origins Regional Diversity Conclusion Key Terms:
Mesoamerica Southwest Eastern Woodlands Mississippian Iroquois New England Conclusion Key Terms: Bering Land Bridge Teotihuacan Aztec Anasazi Cahokia Iroquois Hiawatha
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Eastern Woodlands
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Mississippian Mississippian culture emerged about 700 AD
Cahokia was located near present-day St. Louis
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Cahokia Mounds Covered about 125 sq miles 20,000 residents
Built platform mounds Served as temples and homes for chiefs
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Mississippian Mississippian culture emerged about 700 AD
Cahokia was located near present-day St. Louis After 1200 it entered a period of decline
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Iroquois
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Iroquois: A Confederation of Five Separate Tribes
Confederation of tribes that number around 10,000 total Mohawks Oneidas Onondagas Cayugas Senecas
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Political Structure Council Government
Each tribe in confederacy sent delegates/representatives to council meetings
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Iroquois Society Homes = Longhouses 25 ft wide Up to 200 ft in length
Several families would live in each longhouse
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Iroquois Society Homes = Longhouses Property was owned communally
25 ft wide Up to 200 ft in length Several families would live in each longhouse Property was owned communally Division of labor between men/women: Men: hunted/fished; warriors Women: farmed and gathered A significant portion of their diet came from farmed products
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Women in Iroquois Society
Descent was matrilineal; Husband moved into home of wife’s family houses were headed by women Women could divorce their husbands Women selected all delegates to the Iroquois Council and influenced policy
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New England – Algonquians
Pequot Wampanoag Powhatan Potawatomi
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New England – Algonquians
Northern New England Vermont, New Hampshire, Maine Southern New England Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island
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New England – Algonquians
Northern New England Vermont, New Hampshire, Maine Hunter-gathers: Very Mobile Spring and summer lived near coasts; moved inland for fall and winter to hunt game animals Southern New England Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island Hunted and Farmed (at times up to 2/3 of diet)
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New England – Algonquians
Northern New England Vermont, New Hampshire, Maine Hunter-gathers: Very Mobile Spring and summer lived near coasts; moved inland for fall and winter to hunt game animals 15,000-20,000 population in 1600 Southern New England Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island Hunted and Farmed (at times up to 2/3 of diet) 55,000-80,000 population in 1600
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Farming Methods Fields were cleared by girdling and with fire
“Three Sisters” of agriculture Corn, beans, and squash were planted together Corn drew Nitrogen Beans added Nitrogen Farming had a major impact on the environment
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Pacific Northwest
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Pacific Northwest Lived as hunter/gatherers, but also very wealthy
Indians of the Pacific Northwest Coast
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Pacific Northwest Cedar trees could reach 250 feet height and 18 feet in diameter Bark: used for clothing, baskets, etc. When softened it could be fashioned into diapers for babies Lumber: Canoes, homes (longhouses), etc. Longhouses were very large: 100 x 40 ft
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Seafood/Salmon Seafood was the foundation of their diet
Fish could be caught in many way Fish were preserved by drying and smoking Key = Abundance Clams, crabs, and other shellfish were eaten Whales were hunted in some areas
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Introduction Origins Regional Diversity Conclusion Key Terms:
Mesoamerica Southwest Eastern Woodlands Mississippian Iroquois New England Conclusion Key Terms: Berign Land Bridge Teotihuacan Aztec Anasazi Cahokia Iroquois Hiawatha
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Review Origins of Native Americans
Tremendous differences among Indian Peoples Compare and contrast life; what ere some important traits of people living in different regions?
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Source
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Confederacy of Five Tribes Powhatans Pequot Potawatomi
Southwest Southern Mexico Longhouses Farmed Aztec Incas Mayans Mesoamerica Confederacy of Five Tribes Powhatans Pequot Potawatomi Pacific Northwest Built Mound Platforms Near present day St. Louis Northern Mexico Arizona Utah Colorado New Mexico Mississippian Matrilineal Society Tenochtitlan Chokia Iroquois Pueblos Chaco Canyon Hunter/Gather - Seafood Three Sisters Beans Squash Corn Algonquian Anasazi Mogollon Hohokam Mixture of Hunter Gathers and Farmers New York
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3, 2, 1 Three Dietary difference amongst the people of the New World
Two societal differences that existed amongst the Native Americans One questions you still have
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