1. Prof. T. G. SITHARAM Chairman, Centre for infrastructure, Sustainable Transport and Urban Planning (CiSTUP), Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore – 560012 Email: sitharam@civil.iisc.ernet.in

2. URBAN MOBILITY Traditional transport planning aims to improve mobility, especially for vehicles, and may fail to adequately consider wider impacts.transport planning The real purpose of transport is to provide access for the citizens to work, education, friends and family, and goods and services. A sustainable transport system is one that is accessible, safe, environmentally-friendly, and affordable. Cities should improve the sustainability of their transport networks to create more vibrant, livable, sustainable cities.sustainable cities

3. Why Urban Mobility Matters ? Citizens expect high levels of mobility. Sustainable urban mobility is essential for: – Guaranteeing citizens a high quality of accessibility and life – Facilitating economic development of cities, thus helping growth and employment – Respecting the environment and ensuring sustainable development

4. 4 INDIA - THE BIG PICTURE About 8 Mega cities (>10 million) and 200 cities more than 2,00,000 population – by 2014. Many tier II & III cities in all the states are urbanizing and growing rapidly drawing lots of people from villages /elsewhere with increased access to jobs and urban facilities Motor vehicles: 12 motor vehicles per 100 persons. In Automotive industry, India is one of the largest in the world and one of the fastest growing globally. India manufactures over 11 million 2 and 4-wheeled vehicles and exports about 1.5 million every year. As of 2009, India is home to 40 million passenger vehicles and more than 2.6 million cars were sold in India in 2009 (an increase of 26%), Adhoc planning in all cities But not many institutions to think and speak on how cities and transportation can go in an organic and integrated fashion. It is a tribute to India that it is still working! Number of cars sold : 23000 (1975) 26,00,000 (2010) Number of car models: 3 (1975) 50+ (in 2010)] Price of Petrol: Rs 3.39 per liter (1975) Rs 55 per liter (2010)

5. CHALLENGES FACED BY CITIES Congestion – Increase of traffic in urban areas is causing congestion - this costs to citizens and businesses – Parking – Major problem – Portion of road is occupied by Parking Energy consumption – Urban mobility - faced by the domination of oil as a transport fuel. Climate change – Urban mobility accounts for 40% of all CO 2 emissions of road transport. Health issues – towns and cities face increasing air pollution and noise problems, which impact on citizens health. Safety and security – road fatalities take place in urban areas - pedestrians and cyclists are the most vulnerable victims.

6. 6 Impact of Global Economic Change Urbanization, More cars & other vehicles, pollution, congestion, infrastructure development

7. Problems of Transport Increasing Traffic intensity Road Congestion parking Accidents

8. Other Urban Issues Urban Flooding Garbage Disposal Air Pollution Urban Sprawl Water

9. BANGALORE METROPOLITAN REGION BMTC : – Buses : 6083 Routes operated : 5890 Total Trip Lengths : 12.73 Lakh km – Total Trips : 79,754 – Passengers carried : 4.2 million passengers per day. – 583 city and 1785 sub urban routes, running 13 lakhs kilometers and making 76266 trips Metro Rail: – 42 Kms under construction at the cost of Rs 8158 Crores. – Estimated passengers per day: 16.1 lakh (2021) Mono Rail: Feasibility study - 54.2 Kms Commuter rail : Under discussion with Indian railways Number of Auto rickshaw’s 100,000 Radio taxis / cabs Car Pool / Car Sharing http://www.carpooling.in/city/Bangalore (http://www.commuteeasy.com) http://www.carpooling.in/city/Bangalorehttp://www.commuteeasy.com Shared Taxis/ Autos BMRDA Area: 8005 sq.kms Urban: 2191 sq.kms Population: 8.4 million in BBMP area (800 sq.km). Vehicle Population: 3.89 million as on March 2010 16.5 million daily vehicle trips in 2031. 6000 K.Ms road length Modal Share: PT: 30%; 2-W: 21.4%;Cars: 4.5%;Walk: 34.5% Cycle: 4%(source: CTTS)

10. Mono Rail/LRT system Metro Phase 2 & 3 Metro Phase I BRT System Commuter Rail Comprehensive Traffic and transport System for Bangalore Core Ring Road Outer Ring Road Periphe ral Ring Road Airport Link

11. Major road widening project in and around Bangalore - executed by the state PWD with a cost of about Rs 1,000 crores. - a total of 46 roads were widened under this project, ROAD NETWORK IN AND AROUND BANGALORE

12. Traffic Management Centre in Bangalore Traffic management centre – 330 signals operational in the city of Bangalore – vehicle actuated signals, direction boards, pedestrian components, disable friendly auditory signals. – All of the signals are centrally controlled from traffic management centre (TMC) with IP based network – Optimization of timing of signals and pattern – Surveillance cameras and enforcement cameras – Real time traffic information to public – Parking information system Traffic helpline A High end software application ‘Traffic Silverlight’ provides sophisticated GUI for monitoring and managing signals. Signal timings can be changed from the Traffic Management Centre as and when desired. Virtual loops with the help of CCTV cameras are also used for traffic control and monitoring.

13. Reasons for Unsustainable Transport Absence of a integrated city development strategies – Need for Integrated Metropolitan Land transport authority Unsustainable transport policies driven by meeting demand by creating additional infrastructures (construction of underpasses, flyovers, road widening works, etc.) Governance problems where politics won over technocratic advice. Ineffective Integrated transport planning and modal connectivity's Little data about the success or failure of implementation in achieving policy goals

14. Framework for Achieving Sustainable Urban Transport Planning – Vision for a livable city and city master plan Land use planning Transport master plan Design Integrated Transport Systems – Public transport – commuter rail, metro rail, mono rail, commuter rail, city buses, taxis, autos – Intermodal Transportation Hubs to connect different modes – Promotion of Walking and cycling – Private vehicles – Trucks and freight movement Analyses – Political – Economic – Social – Technical – Environmental Implementation and Monitoring – Technical support – Stakeholder involvement – Institutional setup – Capacity – Policies – Financing

15. 15 Urban Mobility in India - Needs Increase average speed of public transport buses – Bus priority Lanes, Direction oriented services and BRT systems Transit planning / transportation hubs NMT policy and cycling routes (intermodal connectivity) Additional parking and development of parking policy Use of railways to move large section of urban population – Metro rail, mono rail and commuter rail services to suburban areas Use of ITS to optimize the services and occupancy of vehicles Strategies to handle Traffic chaos of heterogeneous mix of bullock carts to Volvo buses Need for integrated study for city’s traffic and transportation needs - Creation of Traffic Engineering Cell to collect necessary data Increase awareness about Safety on roads to common public Improvement of side walks - Integrating Hawkers and Vendors who have occupied the side walks Trees on Roads / pavements – Some trees need to be cut for better visibility and mobility ?? Driver education, safety and awareness programmes

16. NEW CULTURE FOR URBAN MOBILITY SHARED CARS / NMT POLICIES – Shared taxis/autos – Optimization of the use of private cars – car sharing/car pools – Promotion of walking and cycling SMARTER URBAN TRANSPORT – High quality information for better mobility – Intelligent transport systems and traffic management – Smart charging Better organized freight transport ACCESSIBLE URBAN TRANSPORT – Collective transport accessible and affordable for all citizens – Interconnection of urban and sub-urban networks – Co-modality: optimization and integration of transport modes GREENER TOWNS AND CITIES – New technologies to increase energy efficiency, increased use of alternative fuels – Green procurement – Traffic restrictions and green zones – Eco-driving SAFETY AND SECURITY IN URBAN TRANSPORT – Safer behaviour, infrastructures and vehicles – Cross-border enforcement of traffic sanctions – Facing security as a growing threat A NEW CULTURE FOR URBAN MOBILITY – Change of behaviour by Education, training and awareness raising, Supported by better data and information about urban mobility

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