1. Aviation The History of Transportation Reaching for the Sky
Aviation is the youngest of the transportation modes. However, man has looked to the skies since ancient times and imagined flying like a bird. In this lesson, we will look at aviation, how it works, and its effect in our world.
The History of Transportation
Reaching for the Sky
Transportation Systems Management c1C

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What is Aviation?
Aviation is derived from the word Avis (the Latin word for bird)
Aviation today refers to the
Design
Development
Production
Operation
And Use of Aircraft.
The word aviation comes from the word Avis. This is the Latin word for bird. Today aviation refers to the design, development, production, operation and use of aircraft. It is also used to refer to careers in flight.
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How Did it All Begin?
Roger Bacon a 15th Century monk had the idea that the air could support a craft just as the water supports boats.
No one knows when aviation and man’s interest truly began. It probably began when ancient man watched birds soaring in the sky and dreamed of flight. One story from ancient Greek mythology was about Icarus. The main story told about Icarus is his attempt to escape from Crete by means of wings that his father constructed from feathers and wax. He ignored instructions not to fly too close to the sun, and the melting wax caused him to fall into the sea where he drowned.
The beginning of what we call modern aviation is usually credited to Roger Bacon. Roger Bacon was a 15th Century Monk and inventor. He had the idea that air could support a vessel, just like water supports boats.
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4. It all comes down to Bernoulli!
Bernoulli’s Principle A fundamental law of physics regarding fluids in motion states that: when rate of flow increases, pressure decreases; when rate of flow decreases, pressure increases. This difference in pressure provides the lift that keeps an object in flight!
How does aviation work? It all comes down to Bernoulli’s Principal. Bernoulli’s principal is a fundamental law of fluids in motion. It states that when flow speed increases, pressure decreases and when flow speed decreases, then pressure increases, This difference in pressure caused by flow speed results in the lift that keeps an object in flight.
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5. When did Aviation Begin?
Modern Aviation began with Balloons! June 1783 the first human flight was in a hot air balloon designed by The Montgolfier Brothers
Modern flight first began when man took to air with balloons. In June 1783 the Montgolfier brothers took to the air in a hot air balloon. This flight was a public demonstration before a group of dignitaries in Annonay, France. This first flight lasted 10 minutes and the balloon covered just over a mile. It was estimated that the balloon reached an altitude of 5,000 feet.
The Montgolfier company founded by the brothers still exists today.
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Dirigibles
What is a Dirigible? A lighter-than air aircraft that is powered and steered. The first dirigible flight was in Examples of dirigibles include Blimps -Goodyear Blimp (pressure structure not rigid) Zeppelins –Hindenburg (has a rigid structure)
After balloons, the next invented was a dirigible. A dirigible is basically a balloon that can be steered. It is lighter than air and is powered. The first dirigible was built in 1784.
Dirigibles are filled with gases that are lighter than air. Early dirigibles used hydrogen, despite the fact it was highly flammable. The alternative, helium, is non-flammable, but rare in most parts of the world. Large amounts of it were discovered in the United States. Thus, for a while, helium was rarely used for airships outside the United States. All modern airships, since the 1960s, have used helium.
there are 2 main types if dirigibles:
blimps where the pressure structure is not rigid. An example of a blimp is the Goodyear Blimp
a Zeppelin is rigid structure dirigible. An example of a zeppelin was the Hindenburg which caught fire as it attempted to dock in 1937 in New Jersey, 35 people died.
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Airplanes
First successful flight of a heavier than air, powered and controlled aircraft December 17, 1903 Orville and Wilbur Wright Kitty Hawk, North Carolina
Photo courtesy of "
An airplane is a powered fixed-wing aircraft that is propelled forward by thrust from a jet engine or propeller. Airplanes come in a variety of sizes, shapes, and wing configurations. The broad spectrum of uses for airplanes includes recreation, transportation of goods and people, military, and research. Most airplanes are flown by a pilot on board the aircraft, but some are designed to be remotely or computer-controlled.
The first successful flight of a heavier than air, powered and controlled aircraft was in December 17, 1903 in Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. The flight was by Orville Wright. The Wright Brothers, Orville and Wilbur, were inventors who owned a bicycle shop. They began experimenting with controlled flight machines in 1896.
In 1903 the brothers built the powered Wright Flyer I, using their preferred material for construction, spruce, a strong and lightweight wood, and Pride of the West muslin for surface coverings. They also designed and carved their own wooden propellers, and had a purpose-built gasoline engine fabricated in their bicycle shop. After several unsuccessful attempts, the Wrights finally took to the air on December 17, They made two flights each from level ground into a freezing headwind gusting to 27 miles per hour.
The first flight, by Orville at 10:35 am, of 120 feet lasted 12 seconds. He reached an estimated speed of only 6.8 miles per hour over the ground. This flight was recorded in a famous photograph, shown here.
The next two flights covered approximately 175 feet and 200 feet by Wilbur and Orville respectively. Their altitude was about 10 feet above the ground.
After the Wright brothers achieved flight, the aviation industry quickly took hold and rapidly progressed.
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8. First Intercontinental Flight
1927 Charles Lindbergh in the Spirit of St. Louis Nonstop United States to France (3600 miles) It took 33 hours.
The first intercontinental flight was made in Charles Lindbergh flew the Spirit of St. Louis from the United States to France. The 3600 mile trip took 33 hours. Charles Lindbergh was a barnstormer and mail pilot prior to making the flight. The successful flight won the Orteig prize of $25,000 and world fame.
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Jets
Frank Whittle, Great Britain, invents the Jet Engine in 1930 Germany's Heinkel He 178 is the first fully jet-propelled aircraft to fly in Charles E. “Chuck” Yeager pilots Bell X-1— the first aircraft to exceed the speed of sound in level flight
General Chuck Yeager
Photo provided courtesy of
The use of jet engines revolutionized aviation. Frank Whittle invented the jet engine in The first fully jet-propelled aircraft was the German Heinkel 178.
General Charles “Chuck” Yeager shown here was the first pilot to break the sound barrier.
One example of how jet engines revolutionized aviation.
In 1911 Calbraith Rodgers made the first transcontinental flight. It took fifty days (3 days 10 hours 14 minutes actual flying time).
In 1990 Ed Yeilding and Joseph T. Vida made the trip in 64 minutes in the SR 71 Blackbird,
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Space
Werner von Braun launches the first liquid-fueled rocket in 1929 Sputnik 1 first artificial satellite launched 1957 Yuri Gagarin first human spaceflight 1961 Apollo 11 first human on the moon – 1969 First soft Mars landing and first signals from Mars 1971 Galileo first mission to Jupiter First mission to Saturn Kepler Mission launched. Kepler is a space telescope designed to search for Earth-like exoplanets.
Once flight was achieved, the next logical frontier was Space. Werner von Braun launched the first liquid fueled rocket in After World War II, the space race between the United States and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics heated up and great strides were made by both countries in their goals for firsts on the frontier of space. Here are some of the highlights.
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Aviation Timeline
Montgolfier Brothers Balloon
1st Dirigible Flight by Blanchard
1852
1st Machine propelled Dirigibles
1st Rigid Frame Dirigibles
1896
1st Aircraft flown by Wright Brothers
1903
1927
1st Nonstop Transcontinental Flight
1930
Jet Engine Invented
1st liquid fuel rocked launched
1929
1939
1st Jet Propelled Aircraft flies
1947
Sound Barrier Broken
1957
Sputnik 1 launched
1961
1st Human Spaceflight
1969
Apollo 11 lands on moon
1971
1st soft landing on Mars
1995
1st mission to Jupiter
2004
1st Mission to Saturn
2009
Kepler Mission
A timeline if aviation history from the Montgolfier brothers to the Kepler mission.
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