1. Location Northern North America, 60 o N, 95 o W Northern North America, 60 o N, 95 o W Borders: Borders: Atlantic Ocean on the East Atlantic Ocean on the East Pacific Ocean on the West Pacific Ocean on the West Arctic Ocean on the North Arctic Ocean on the North (125,600 miles of coastline) (125,600 miles of coastline) 5,526 miles with the lower 48 states 5,526 miles with the lower 48 states

2. Area: Somewhat larger than the United States Somewhat larger than the United States Total: 6.2 million sq miles (vs. 3.8 million) Total: 6.2 million sq miles (vs. 3.8 million) All great lakes but Lake Michigan All great lakes but Lake Michigan 2 nd Largest country in the world after Russia 2 nd Largest country in the world after Russia Russia Russia Canada Canada United States United States China China Brazil Brazil

3. Provinces – Like states… Alberta, British Columbia (B.C), Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Saskatchewan Alberta, British Columbia (B.C), Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Saskatchewan

4. Atlantic provinces Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia & New Brunswick Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia & New Brunswick Location makes this region ideal for maritime industry – activity or industry related to the sea Location makes this region ideal for maritime industry – activity or industry related to the sea

5. Economy of the Atlantic provinces Dependent on fishing Dependent on fishing Region is home to 75% of nation’s fishing

6. Ontario & Quebec Two largest provinces Two largest provinces With 2 largest cities: Toronto and Montreal With 2 largest cities: Toronto and Montreal Represent the blending of English and French culture Represent the blending of English and French culture

7. Ontario Home to about 1/3 of Canada’s population (southern part of province) Home to about 1/3 of Canada’s population (southern part of province)

8. Largest City: Toronto Ontario Capital of Ontario Capital of Ontario Home of the CN Tower – one of the world’s tallest freestanding structures. Home of the CN Tower – one of the world’s tallest freestanding structures.

10. Capital: Ottawa, Ontario Canada’s head of government is the Prime Minister Canada’s head of government is the Prime Minister Stephen Harper (currently) Stephen Harper (currently)

11. Quebec’s French culture Quebec = center of French-Canadian culture Quebec = center of French-Canadian culture Held 2 elections for Quebec’s independence, Held 2 elections for Quebec’s independence, Both failed Both failed

12. Prairie provinces Include Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta Include Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta ¾ of Canada’s farmland is located in this region ¾ of Canada’s farmland is located in this region

13. British Columbia Often referred to as the “Gateway to the Pacific” because of its location and ties to Asian nations Often referred to as the “Gateway to the Pacific” because of its location and ties to Asian nations More than half of the province is covered by forests More than half of the province is covered by forests

14. Territories Northwest Territories, Yukon Territory, Nunavut (1999 from NWT) Northwest Territories, Yukon Territory, Nunavut (1999 from NWT) Inuit for “Our Land” Inuit for “Our Land” Gov’t has a little more control over terr. Gov’t has a little more control over terr.

15. People of the northern territories Home to less than 1% of Canada’s total population Home to less than 1% of Canada’s total population Region is home to a large number of indigenous people – people who are descendants of those who first lived in a region Region is home to a large number of indigenous people – people who are descendants of those who first lived in a region

16. Regions Rocky Mountains- Largest mtn range in N. America Rocky Mountains- Largest mtn range in N. America Pass through Yukon, BC, and Alberta Pass through Yukon, BC, and Alberta Known for: Known for: Great skiing – Whistler (Olympics) Great skiing – Whistler (Olympics) Mt. Logan - 5,959 m Mt. Logan - 5,959 m Longest River –Mackenzie (flows to Arctic O) Longest River –Mackenzie (flows to Arctic O) 2,635 miles 2,635 miles

17. Interior Plains- flat land separates the Rocky Mtns of Canada and the Canadian Shield Interior Plains- flat land separates the Rocky Mtns of Canada and the Canadian Shield Known For: Known For: Good farming, some natural resources Good farming, some natural resources Largest Prairie in the world: Mostly forest and Farming Largest Prairie in the world: Mostly forest and Farming

18. Canadian Shield- huge region of ancient rock that covers about half of Canada Canadian Shield- huge region of ancient rock that covers about half of Canada Known for: Known for: Rugged, few people Rugged, few people Hunting/Fishing Hunting/Fishing

19. St. Lawrence Lowlands- located along the St. Lawrence River St. Lawrence Lowlands- located along the St. Lawrence River Known For: Known For: Smallest region, most population Smallest region, most population Largest cities – Lots of Canada’s wealth Largest cities – Lots of Canada’s wealth

20. St. Lawrence Seaway One of N. America’s most important transportation routes. One of N. America’s most important transportation routes. Total drop of 250 ft from Lake superior to St. Lawrence river Total drop of 250 ft from Lake superior to St. Lawrence river 16 Locks 16 LocksLocks

21. Climate: Temperature in south - sub arctic/ arctic in the North Temperate around large bodies of water They heat up/cool off slower Areas around oceans tend to have more moisture

22. Climate: R. Mountains affect climate R. Mountains affect climate Rain Shadow Rain Shadow produce most of the country’s rain and snow east of the mountains (just like here) produce most of the country’s rain and snow east of the mountains (just like here)

23. Continuous permafrost in the North Continuous permafrost in the North Permanently frozen soil Permanently frozen soil Tundra – cold dry region; frozen for more than half the year. Tundra – cold dry region; frozen for more than half the year.

24. People: Population: 34.8 million (37th in the world) Population: 34.8 million (37th in the world) 90% of the pop. within 100 miles of the US border 90% of the pop. within 100 miles of the US border 80% Urban 80% Urban Life Expectancy from birth: 80.1 years Life Expectancy from birth: 80.1 years What does this tell us? What does this tell us?

25. Identity Have struggled to identify themselves Have struggled to identify themselves Not American Not American Extremely Patriotic! Extremely Patriotic! Can have strong bias against Americans Can have strong bias against Americans Joe Canada Joe Canada Joe Canada Joe Canada Hockey Hockey Not a sport…. Not a sport….

26. Language: English 59% French 23% English 59% French 23% English and French are the Official Language English and French are the Official Language Anglophone – English speaking Anglophone – English speaking Francophone – French Speaking Francophone – French Speaking 99% of the population is literate (people 15 and older can read and write) 99% of the population is literate (people 15 and older can read and write) What does literacy tell us? What does literacy tell us?

27. Economy Market-oriented / Capitalisim Market-oriented / Capitalisim Much like US Much like US Interdependent with US Interdependent with US relies on others to function relies on others to function In 1994 Canada, US, and Mex created NAFTA In 1994 Canada, US, and Mex created NAFTA North American Free Trade Agreement. North American Free Trade Agreement. Encourages trade in all 3 countries Encourages trade in all 3 countries Eliminates Taxes on Import/export Eliminates Taxes on Import/export

28. Economy Exports account for roughly a third of GDP Exports account for roughly a third of GDP GDP- Gross Domestic Product - total value of goods and services made within the country GDP- Gross Domestic Product - total value of goods and services made within the country Gross (Total) Domestic (Home) Product (Goods and services) Gross (Total) Domestic (Home) Product (Goods and services) Most Export comes to US Most Export comes to US more than 85% of Canadian export more than 85% of Canadian export

29. Agriculture : 9% of Canada is suitable for Farming 9% of Canada is suitable for Farming Prairie Provinces Prairie Provinces Wheat Wheat Barley Barley Beef Beef Oilseed Oilseed St. Lawrence St. Lawrence Dairy Dairy Fruits Fruits Vegetables Vegetables Forest products Forest products Fish Fish

30. Industries: wood and paper products wood and paper products Leading producer of timber Leading producer of timber BC, Quebec, Ontario BC, Quebec, Ontario food products food products fish products fish products transportation equipment transportation equipment chemicals chemicals petroleum and natural gas petroleum and natural gas

31. Clear Cutting – cutting all trees in an area Clear Cutting – cutting all trees in an area

32. ` Report on Canada Report on Canada Report on Canada Report on Canada

33. Canada’s history Great Britain and France both fought for control of Canada Great Britain and France both fought for control of Canada Great Britain defeated France in the Seven Years War Great Britain defeated France in the Seven Years War 1867 – British won Canada as written in the British North American Act 1867 – British won Canada as written in the British North American Act

34. Early history of Canada

35. History C 7 – Sec4 First settlers in Canada were fishers, farmers, trappers and fur traders First settlers in Canada were fishers, farmers, trappers and fur traders Less than 5% today….not very many Less than 5% today….not very many Two main European Powers Two main European Powers France France Great Britain Great Britain Fought all the time, all over the world Fought all the time, all over the world Signed a Peace Treaty in 1713 Signed a Peace Treaty in 1713

36. Peace? Not really “peaceful” Not really “peaceful” Treaty gave Britain Hudson Bay, New Foundland, and Acadia Treaty gave Britain Hudson Bay, New Foundland, and Acadia

37. French Acadians had to follow British Protestant rule French Acadians had to follow British Protestant rule Not Happening Not Happening French wanted beaver, Britain wanted land French wanted beaver, Britain wanted land

38. War! 1754 started the Seven Years War 1754 started the Seven Years War French and Indian War French and Indian War Decisive battle won by Brits Decisive battle won by Brits Battle of Quebec in 1759 Battle of Quebec in 1759 Treaty of Paris signed 4 years later gave Canada to Great Britain Treaty of Paris signed 4 years later gave Canada to Great Britain

39. The British Don’t want Trouble Sympathetic Canadian Gov’s passed Quebec Act Sympathetic Canadian Gov’s passed Quebec Act French people in Quebec can speak French, practice religion, and follow their own customs French people in Quebec can speak French, practice religion, and follow their own customs Some French Acadians formed a colony in LA = Cajun Some French Acadians formed a colony in LA = Cajun

40. Play nice French and British worked together during the war of 1812 French and British worked together during the war of 1812 US tried to invade Canada, but were forced back to DC where the White House was burnt down US tried to invade Canada, but were forced back to DC where the White House was burnt down

41. After the war Canadians hated British rule Canadians hated British rule French Canadians tried to revolt French Canadians tried to revolt British Canadians tried to revolt British Canadians tried to revolt They lost They lost

42. Self-Rule Leaders from every province met Leaders from every province met Wrote a plan and presented it to British parliament Wrote a plan and presented it to British parliament It passed! It passed! The British North American Act The British North American Act One autonomous Dominion under the name of Canada One autonomous Dominion under the name of Canada Autonomous – self governing Autonomous – self governing Dominion- self-governing area Dominion- self-governing area

43. World War I Canadians fought with Allied Forces Canadians fought with Allied Forces Saw the first use of poison gas attack Saw the first use of poison gas attack Lost more than 60,000 soldiers Lost more than 60,000 soldiers British recognized Canada’s contribution and gave more independence British recognized Canada’s contribution and gave more independence

44. After the War Immigrants poured into Canada Immigrants poured into Canada During Great Depression, Canada tried to solve problems at home During Great Depression, Canada tried to solve problems at home Readily entered World War II with Britain Readily entered World War II with Britain

45. World War II Most soldiers given guard duty in Britain to prevent German attack Most soldiers given guard duty in Britain to prevent German attack Many pilots, gunners, bombardiers, and flight engineers saw action Many pilots, gunners, bombardiers, and flight engineers saw action Efforts helped win war! Efforts helped win war! Gained more independence from Britain Gained more independence from Britain

46. After the War More Immigrants More Immigrants More factories to accommodate clothing market in Europe More factories to accommodate clothing market in Europe Became the world’s 4th-largest developed nation Became the world’s 4th-largest developed nation Helped organize United Nations Helped organize United Nations

47. A new Country! In 1982, the British North American Act was replaced by a constitution In 1982, the British North American Act was replaced by a constitution This gave Canada the right to ratify their constitution without Britain’s help This gave Canada the right to ratify their constitution without Britain’s help Canada was an independent nation Canada was an independent nation Constitutional Monarchy (Parliamentary Democracy) Constitutional Monarchy (Parliamentary Democracy)

48. T-r-o-u-b-l-e French Canadians in Quebec tired of being associated with Canada French Canadians in Quebec tired of being associated with Canada Separatists- French Canadian Francophone (s) who want to make Quebec its own country Separatists- French Canadian Francophone (s) who want to make Quebec its own country Francophone- people who speak French as their first language Francophone- people who speak French as their first language

49. Shhhhhhhhhh Quiet Revolution- changing the Quebec society peacefully to aid in the separatist movement Quiet Revolution- changing the Quebec society peacefully to aid in the separatist movement Not always quiet Not always quiet Separatist blamed for kidnappings and murders Separatist blamed for kidnappings and murders Creating better jobs, education, and health care for Francophones Creating better jobs, education, and health care for Francophones Quebecois- political party formed by the separatists Quebecois- political party formed by the separatists

50. Put it to a vote Not everyone in Quebec wanted to separate from Canada Not everyone in Quebec wanted to separate from Canada 1980 and 1995 referendum showed that a majority of the people in Quebec wanted to stay w/ Canada 1980 and 1995 referendum showed that a majority of the people in Quebec wanted to stay w/ Canada Referendum- vote; casting ballots for or against an issue Referendum- vote; casting ballots for or against an issue