1. TEST CASE DESIGN Prepared by: Fatih Kızkun

2. OUTLINE Introduction –Importance of Test –Essential Test Case Development A Variety of Test Methods –Risk Based Testing –Use Case/UML –Finite State Model Based Technique Conclusion

3. INTRODUCTION(1) Failure: A program behaves differently as required by the specification. Error: The internal state of a program is invalid (e.g. a precondition, post condition, undefined pointers etc). Fault: A static cause which allows errors to occur (e.g. bugs, design faults, hardware or system faults).

4. INTRODUCTION(2) Faults are –static and can lead to error states. –observed by Black Box Test Tests –try to detect failures. –observe error states that are tracked down to faults

5. INTRODUCTION(3) Types of Tests Tests of units (classes, individual methods, modules and procedures) –Test units concurrently –Locating faults easier Higher-Order Testing (test of the whole program) –Detect errors because of inconsistency

6. INTRODUCTION(4) Performing a Good Test Know the Characteristics of a Good Test Know what an Equivalence Class is Finding Equivalence Class Select Test Cases from Each Equivalence Class Test State Transitions Test Time Dependencies Test Load Limitations Guess Test Function Equivalence Automate Function Equivalence Testing General Equivalence Testing Regression Testing Executing the Tests

7. A Variety of Test Methods

8. TEST METHODS Risk-based testing Requirements-based Testing Use Case/UML Keyword or Action Based Test (ABT) methodology State Transition/ State Model Based Testing Exploratory and Effective Ad Hoc Testing Equivalence Class Partitioning and Boundary Value Analysis Regression testing Fault Injection/ Forced Error/ Negative Testing DAST- Diagnostic Approach to Software Testing Data Driven Testing

9. RISK BASED TESTING

10. RISK BASED TESTING(1) Make a prioritized list of risks Perform testing that explores each risk As risks evaporate and new ones emerge, adjust your test effort to stay focused on the current crop

11. RISK BASED TESTING(2) INSIDE-OUT Begin with details identify risks associated with them. 3 questions to be asked –Vulnerabilities: What weaknesses or possible failures are there in this component? –Threats: What inputs or situations could there be that might exploit a vulnerability and trigger a failure in this component? –Victims: Who or what would be impacted by potential failures and how bad would that be?

12. RISK BASED TESTING(3) OUTSIDE-IN 1.Begin with a set of potential risks 2.Match potential risks to the details of the situation A more general approach than inside-out It’s easier 3 kind of lists can be used –Quality Criteria Categories (capability, reliability,…) –Generic Risk List (complex, new, critical,…) –Risk catalogs

13. RISK BASED TESTING (4) It helps to communicate and negotiate which components will get more effort. ComponentRiskRisk Heuristic PrintingNormaldistributed, popular Report GenerationHighernew, strategic, third- party, complex, critical InstallationLowerpopular, usability, changed Clipart LibraryLowercomplex

14. USE CASE (UML)

15. Use Case(1) A use case diagram shows the interaction between an actor and the system. In a use case diagram the system is viewed as –Input –Output –Functionality matter. The purpose of a Use Case May include: –Promoting Communication –Understanding Requirements –Helping to identify “capsules” to encapsulate data –Focusing on the “What” rather than “How” –Providing Prototype Test Cases

16. USE CASE(2) Creating Test Cases From Use Cases Identify all of the scenarios for the given use case Alternative scenarios should be drawn in a graph fo each action Create Scenarios for –a basic flow, –one scenario covering each alternative flow, –and some reasonable combinations of alternative flows Create infinite loops

17. USE CASE(3) Creating Scenario Identify variables for each use case step Identify significantly different options for each variable (password too long, too short, availbale etc.) Combine options to be tested into test cases Assign values to variables

18. USE CASE(4) Regular Illegal 51 chars Regular 11 chars 10 chars Regular 200 chars 201 chars Select first one Select last one Add to cart EmailSearchSelectionAddPassword

19. Use Case(5) They are only useful for certain types of testing: –User Acceptance Testing –Positive “business as usual” Functional testing –Manual black-box (some) –Scripted automation -Automated testing – They could also help types of testing that overlap with positive functional testing: –Smoke testing –Sanity testing –Regression testing –Ad-hoc testing

20. Use Case(6) What kind of bugs would not be discovered –System testing –Integration testing –Performance testing –Load testing –Software Compatibility testing –Hardware Compatibility testing –Exploratory testing

21. Finite State Model Based Technique

22. Finite State Model Based Technique (1) Generates software tests from explicit descriptions of an application’s behavior. Several good model-based test tools are currently available in the market The techniques of model-based testing are not tied to any tool

23. Finite State Model Based Technique (2) Create a finite state model of an application Generate sequences of test actions from the model Execute the test actions against the application Determine if the application worked right. Find bugs.

24. Finite State Model Based Technique (3) Digital Analog

25. Finite State Model Based Technique (4) The rules for these actions in the Clock application Start –If the application is NOT running, the user can execute the Start command. –If the application is running, the user cannot execute the Start command. –After the Start command executes, the application is running. Stop –If the application is NOT running, the user cannot execute the Stop command. –If the application is running, the user can execute the Stop command. –After the Stop command executes, the application is not running. Analog –If the application is NOT running, the user cannot execute the Analog command. –If the application is running, the user can execute the Analog command. –After the Analog command executes, the application is in Analog display mode. Digital –If the application is NOT running, the user cannot execute the Digital command. –If the application is running, the user can execute the Digital command. –After the Digital command executes, the application is in Digital display mode.

26. Finite State Model Based Technique (5) Not running/ Analog Running/ Analog Running/ Digital Not running/ Digital Analog Start Stop

27. Finite State Model Based Technique (6) Visual Test has a rich set of functions for interacting with the application you are testing

28. Finite State Model Based Technique (7) ACTIONS open "test_sequence.txt“ #infile while not (EOF(infile)) line input #infile, action select case action case "Start" –run("C:\clock.exe”) case "Analog" –WMenuSelect("Settings\Analo g") case "Digital" –WMenuSelect("Settings\Digital ") case "Stop" –WMenuSelect(“Close”) Test_oracle() wend TEST_ORACLE FOR DIGITAL/ANALOG if (system_mode = RUNNING) then if ( WFndWnd("Clock") = 0 ) then –print "Error: Clock should be Running" –stop endif if ( (setting_mode = ANALOG) AND NOT WMenuChecked("Settings\Analog") ) then –print "Error: Clock should be Analog mode" –stop endif if ( (setting_mode = DIGITAL) AND NOT WMenuChecked("Settings\Digital") ) then –print "Error: Clock should be Digital mode“ –stop endif

29. Finite State Model Based Technique (7) Test Sequence –Start –Maximize –Stop –Start –Minimize –Stop –Start –Restore –Stop

30. Other Test Methdos Equivalence Partitioning and Boundary Values Extraction Regression Testing Diagnostic Approach to Software Testing Keyword or Action Based Test (ABT) methodology Fault Injection/ Forced Error/ Negative Testing

31. CONCLUSION There are many test case design methods that can be used if suitable Some of these methods also helps to select the right data for test Selecting the right method makes it easier to detect faults Test cases should be defined before the program is executed

32. LINKS http://www.cs.rit.edu/~afb/20012/cs4/slides/testing-03.html http://www.perl.com/pub/a/2005/07/14/bestpractices.html http://www.cs.bsu.edu/homepages/metrics/cs639d/CS639WWW/chapter7- 8/tsld001.htmhttp://www.cs.bsu.edu/homepages/metrics/cs639d/CS639WWW/chapter7- 8/tsld001.htm http://www.satisfice.com/articles/hrbt.pdf http://www.satisfice.com/articles/rbt-trouble.pdf http://www.testassured.com/docs/Dangers.htm http://www- 128.ibm.com/developerworks/rational/library/04/r- 3217http://www.geocities.com/model_based_testing/shoestring.htmhttp://www.testassured.com/docs/Dangers.htmhttp://www- 128.ibm.com/developerworks/rational/library/04/r- 3217http://www.geocities.com/model_based_testing/shoestring.htm http://people.bath.ac.uk/tjs20/introduction.htm (chinese psotman problem)http://people.bath.ac.uk/tjs20/introduction.htm