1. Mars & Venus: Space Exploration

2. INTRODUCTION  Humans have been curious about nature  Scientists send machines to explore other planets  Planets that have been explored {planets closest to earth} are Venus & Mars  Mercury is the closest planet to the sun

3. CHAPTER 1: EXPLORING VENUS

4. CAUSE & EFFECT  CAUSE Craters are formed when meteors crashed into the surface of Venus  AFFECT Venus has high mountains covered with many craters

5. CAUSE & EFFECT  CAUSE Mariner 2 did a flyby which means it didn’t land on Venus, it just flew close to the planet  AFFECT The mission was a huge success

6. MAIN IDEAS:  Verena 9  Gravity  Lander  Mapping the surface  Early Missions

7. CAUSE & EFFECT  CAUSE IN 1975 VERENA 9 LANDED SOFTLY ON VENUS  AFFECT IT SENT BACK PHOTOS FROM THE PLANET’S SURFACE

8. CHAPTER 2  EXPLORING MARS

9. CAUSE & EFFECT =  CAUSE MARS HAS SEASONS {“NORTH & SOUTH” POLES HAVE ICE, CLOUDS, FOG, LAVAFIELDS, CANYONS, & MOUNTAINS}  AFFECT MARS IS MUCH LIKE EARTH

10. OTHER INFORMATION:  SCIENTISTS BEGAN LOOKING FOR LIFE ON MARS IN 1960  FROM 1960-1962, 5 SPACECRAFTS WERE LAUNCHED TO MARS  ALL 5 CRAFTS FAILED

11. MORE OTHER INFORMATION:  MARINER 4 PERFORMED THE 1 ST SUCCESSFUL FLYBY OF MARS  IT SENT THE 1 ST PICTURES OF THE SURFACE OF MARS  THEN IT SENT BACK EVEN CLEARER PICTURES OF MARS

12. MAIN IDEAS:  MARS HAS 687 DAYS IN A YEAR  EARTH HAS 365 DAYS IN A YEAR  MARS LOOKS REDDISH FROM SPACE BECAUSE OF IT’S SOIL

13. MAIN IDEAS:  MERIDIANA IS POSSIBLE EVIDENCE THAT THERE WAS AN OCEAN ON MARS  SCIENTISTS THINK THERE WAS ONCE LIFE ON THIS PLANET  HEMATITE IS AN IRON LIKE MATERIAL USUALLY FORMED IN WATER

14. CHAPTER 3: FUTURE EXPLORATIONS

15. MESSANGER…  MESSANGER WILL FLY PAST VENUS TWICE  EACH TIME IT WILL SEND BACK INFORMATION  THIS PLANET IS THE CLOSEST TO EARTH

16. CAUSE & EFFECT:  VENUS HAS A THICK LAYER OF CLOUDS  THE CLOUDS TRAP HEAT & RAISE THE PLANETS TEMPERATURE

17. THOUGHTS OF SCIENTISTS: Thought 1 is … SCIENTISTS FEAR THAT EARTH’S ATMOSPHERE IS BEGINNING TO THICKEN Which could be… THEY THINK POLLUTION IS ADDING HARMFUL GASES TO EARTH’S ATMOSPHERE which THIS CAUSES EARTH’S TEMPERATURE TO RISE

18. CAUSE & EFFECT: CAUSE  PICTURES FROM PRONES GET SENT TO THE COMPUTER EFFECT  WE WILL BE ABLE TO SEE THESE PICTURES FROM OUR HOME PLANET: EARTH

19. CAUSE & EFFECT: CAUSE  IN THE FUTURE YEARS, ROBOT ROCKETS WILL GATHER PIECES OF OTHER PLANETS EFFECT  THEY’LL BRING THESE PIECES HOME TO EARTH FOR SCIENTISTS TO STUDY FUTURE ROBOT ROCKETS:

20. CONCLUSION: ………………………………

21. MAIN IDEAS:  TALENTED SCIENTISTS MAKE SPACE EXPLORATION POSSIBLE  PEOPLE FROM MANY FIELDS OF SCIENCE HAVE COMBINED THEIR SKILLS  MACHINES FLY MILLIONS OF MILES THROUGH SPACE THEN THEY LAND ON OTHER PLANETS  THEY THEN SEND PICTURES & INFORMATION BACK TO EARTH  THE MOST RECENT LAUNCH WAS ON 2003  ADVACED ROVERS EXPLORE THE SURFACE OF MARS  VENUS ROTATES ONCE IN 243 EARTH DAYS  VENUS TURNS 1 ½ TIMES DURING ONE EARTH YEAR

22. CAUSE & EFFECT:  CAUSE  SCIENTISTS STILL SEEK ANSWERS TO BIG QUESTIONS  EFFECT  THE UNNAMED SPACE PROGRAM IS HELPING FIND THESE ANSWERS

23. What do scientists send to explore other planets? MACHINES SUCH AS ROVERS

24. When are crators formed & what can they cause? THEY ARE FORMED WHEN METEORS CRASHED INTO THE SURFACE OF VENUS. THEY CAN CAUSE HIGH MOUNTAINS COVERED IN CRATERS

25. What does Mars have that Earth also does? MARS & EARTH BOTH HAVE SEASONS…

26. What is the name of the rover that made the 1 st successful flyby of Mars? MARINER 4

27. Which planet is the closest to the sun? MERCURY

28. What will happen in future years to today’s rovers? THEY WILL TURN INTO ROBOT ROCKETS

29. People from many fields of science have combined their _______. SKILLS

30. How many times does Venus rotate in 243 days? ONCE

31. THE END FINALLY RIGHT? IT’S ABOUT TIME…. :)