1. Storage Devices ZIs the physical material on which a computer keeps data, instructions and information. ZThere are 2 types of devices storage : -Magnetic Disks : Use magnetic particles to store items on a disk’s surface. Three type of magnetic disks are Hard disks,Floppy disks and Zip disks -Optical Disks: Optical discs store items by using microscopic pits ( indentations) and lands (flat areas) that are in the middle layer of the disc. 1

2. 2 Storage Devices ZHard disk drive HDD– this stores all your programs and data. ZHDD stores huge amount of data, the capacity is measured by GB, the speed of HDD is called access time. Access time is the time required by HDD to search and retrieve data. Access time is measured by millisecond (msec)

3. Other Storage Devices ZFloppy disk drive – this stores smaller files. ZZip Drive, Uses zip disks which can store either 100Mb or 250Mb of data, Can be internal or can plug into a PC’s USB port ZFlash Drives, Plug into a USB port, Typical storage – 28Mb, 256Mb, 512Mb,1GB-32GB. 3

4. Note ZData is saved as magnetized dots on Magnetic storage medium. ZStorage surfaces is divided into : Track an Sector. ZFormatting: the process of preparing storage disk for use, it creates Tracks and Sectors. ZWhen you format your disk, all data is erased and the disk will be as “ anew” one. Pass ECDL44 Track Sector

5. Storage Devices ZThere are many different formats of optical discs exist today. CDs and DVDs ZDVDs having a much greater storage capacity than CDs. 5

6. 6 Storage Devices, CD –ROM : software and games are normally supplied on CD ROM disks. Information is read-only and cannot be changed. CD capacity : 650MB (75 min of music)., CR-R (Recordable): user can store data once., CD-RW (Re-Writable): allow user to save data many times., DVD ROM drive – these can be used to watch films etc., DVD-R (Recordable): used to save data once. DVD capacity: 4.7GB (120 min video).

7. 7 The System Unit ZSystem Unit is a case that contains electronic components of the computer ZIt can be a tower case or desktop case.  The main circuit board of the system unit is the motherboard. Zmotherboard contains complex electronic circuits and silicon chips. ZAll the computer components plug into the motherboard either directly into slots or by cables.

8. 8 The System Unit CD-ROM Drive: Read information and write on CD, read from DVD. Floppy disk drive: Read and write information From floppy disk. Floppy disk drive: Read and write information From floppy disk. On/ Off switch

9. The System Unit 9

10. 10 Removable Storage Comparison DeviceCapacity Floppy disk1.44Mb Zip250Mb Flash drives256Mb CD650Mb DVD4.7Gb

11. 11 Computer Performance, The clock speed of the CPU (measured in MHz, GHz)., The capacity of RAM installed (measured in MB, GB)., The capacity and speed of HDD (Hard Disk Drive)., The number of application running. Performance Four main factors will determine the Performance of computer:

12. Software Components Computer Hardware CPUMemory Storage Devices Input UnitOutput Unit Software Operating System Application Pass ECDL412

13. Pass ECDL413 Operating System (OS) ZOS: A special computer programs that organise and control a computer., Provides an interface so that the user can communicate with the computer., Communicates between software and hardware devices., Organises the storage and retrieval of information., Manages the smooth running of programs running in RAM by allocating the required resources.

14. Pass ECDL414 The BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) ZThe operating system cannot run without the BIOS. ZIt is a basic SW that is stored in ROM. ZThe BIOS make sure that the hardware operates properly. And it loads the operating system. ZAlso it records basic information about the PC. ZUsually it configured by the manufacturer. ZNo user intervention is usually required.

15. What happens when computer boots up?? ZWhen computer is switched on, BIOS carries out (POST) – Power On Self Test and do boot-up operation. ZBoot-up operation has 2 main functions:, Ensure that all hardware is running,CPU and memory are functioning correctly., Load the operating system (OS) from HDD to RAM. Pass ECDL415

16. Pass ECDL416 Example of Operating Systems ZMicrosoft Windows: Windows95, Windows Me, Windows XP, Windows Vista. ZMS-DOS created by Windows but text-based ZMacintosh (MacOS) was created by Apple. ZLinux is a popular alternative open-source OS. ZUnix is another OS used in companies or universities.

17. User interface ZYou interact with software through its user interface. ZThe user interface controls how you enter data and instructions and how information is displayed on the screen. Z2 types of user interfaces are, Command-line interfaces.,Graphical user interfaces 17

18. Command-line interfaces ZUser types commands or presses special keys on the keyboard to enter data and instruction. ZIts difficult to use because they require exact spelling, grammar and punctuation 18

19. Pass ECDL419 Graphical User Interface (GUI) ZEnables users to click and point at icons and menus on screen, instead of typing in computer commands

20. Keeping Up to date ZThe latest versions of operating system will be updated regularly. ZNew versions often have improved security and have fix bugs that may have present in older versions. ZAnd they will often have attractive new features too. ZBetween versions of the operating system, the manufacturer regularly release updates and service packs. 20

21. Keeping Up to date Service packs: ZA collection of updates, fixed for your operating system. ZIt contains new drivers for many computer components. ZCould be supplied on a CD or downloadable from the internet. Pass ECDL421

22. Application Software ZApplication software: is a computer programs designed for a specific purpose. ZApplication software is separate from the operating system but must be compatible with it in order to be able to operate. ZEach application software is suited for special purpose…. See following example. Pass ECDL422

23. Examples of Application Software 23

24. Pass ECDL424

25. Problem Solving Pass ECDL425

26. Common error indicators ZNo display on the screen. ZError messages on screen. ZFlashing lights on printer. ZNo printer output. ZNo mouse cursor. ZBleeping sounds from system unit. Pass ECDL426

27. Resolving problems ZBasic checks:, Power supplies, External connections, Supplies of consumables ZManufacturer support ZManuals ZWindows Help and Support Centre Pass ECDL427

28. Pass ECDL428 Other considerations ZError reporting ZAutomatic System Updates ZDevice drivers ZBackups

29. Pass ECDL429 Understanding your computer setup ZHelp and Support Centre ZControl panel:, Change the computer’s date and time, Change the volume settings, Check which printers are installed, Check which is the default printer

30. Pass ECDL430 Other system information ZNetworking information ZPerformance and maintenance information, Managing active applications ZSystem properties, Storage areas

31. System Development Analysis Perform by “system analysts”. Meet Project members, set objectives, write specifications. Programming Perform by “programmers”. Write the program using programming language. Testing Perform though development to correct system “bugs” and faults. Next test performs by users who can use the system (Beta testing). Documentation Written the finished system. 2 levels: technical operation for future development, user guides. Pass ECDL431 System development cycle is a set of activities used to build an information system.

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33. Computer Network Network: Connecting 2 or more computers together. Advantages of computer networks: ZShare resources (data, applications, peripherals like printers& scanners). ZProvide high performance. ZEnhance system security (authorized access giving username and password). 33

34. LAN & WAN LAN: (Local Area Network) Computers that linked together by cables or wireless within building or close area covers less than one square kilometer. WAN: (Wide Area Network) Computers linked up over longer distance by telecommunications network that covers more than one kilometer distance. 34

35. LAN & WAN LAN: (Local Area Network) Computers that linked together by cables or wireless within building or close area covers less than one square kilometer. WAN: (Wide Area Network) Computers linked up over longer distance by telecommunications network that covers more than one kilometer distance. 35

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38. Server & Client Server: it is the main computer in the network which stores all core data and controls access to HW, SW and other resources on a network. Client: Peripherals PCs which allow users to interface with the server and access data. 38

39. Telephone Network ZAdvanced telecommunications means that computers can be linked to telephone systems to produce WAN. ZTo link computers to telephone line you need a modem to transmit data from digital signal to analogue signal and back. 39

40. Digital and Analogue signals Digital: ZDigital data is transmitted as a series of digits (0 or 1). ZData in digital form can be transmitted more accurate and quickly. Analogue: ZAnalogue transmission transfer data as electromagnetic waves ZData in analogue form transmitted slower and corrupted. 40 0 1 1111 1 0000

41. What is a Modem?? 41

42. Modem Modem (Modulator/demodulator): A device that converts a digital signals with in computer to analogue signal to pass along standard telephone line “dial up” internet connection.  Transfer rate is the speed of modem over telephone line.  “Dial up” connection is now replaced by “Broadband” which use data line instead of telephone line. 42

43. Types of Network PropertiesTypes of Network Basic systems, analogue, dial-up connection, slow transfer rate. Public Switch Telephone Network PSTN Faster than PSTN, no modem needed, no dial- up. Integrated Services Digital Network ISDN Faster than PSTN and ISDN but, special modem required, no dial-up. Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line ADSL Faster than telephone access, but only available in highly populated area. Cable 43

44. The Internet Internet: ZThe internet is a computer network, which allow user all over the world to communicate. WWW (World Wide Web): ZIt is the collection of information that can be accessed by internet, this information stored in web sites (web pages). 44

45. Search engine ZIs a site connected to a powerful database, you can search for any information using keywords. ZExamples: Google, Yahoo. 45

46. Intranet & Extranet Intranet: ZInternal network that operate similar as internet, but can be accessible only within organization. ZWeb pages containing company information and forms can be downloaded. Extranet: ZPart of intranet can be accessed by certain external user via internet. ZAccess this part of intranet is controlled by username and password. 46

47. E-mail E-mail (Electronic mail): ZSending message from one computer to another via electronic mail box using email address. Attachment: ZAn electronic files that you can send with email message like: image, documents, presentations. 47

48. What you need to send/ receive emails? Hardware: ZModem. Ztelephone line. Software: ZMessaging software (Outlook). ZISP (Internet Service Provider) who provide the connection to the internet through servers. 48