1. Rome and the Rise of Christianity 750 B.C. – A.D. 500

2. Italy

4. The Rise of Rome Italy is a peninsula
Apennine Mountains and the Tiber River
Rome built in central location
Latins moved in around 1500 – 1000 B.C.

6. Etruscans Advanced civilization in Northern Italy Lived in Etruria
No written records, but they were advanced
Women were very important to them

7. 750BC Italy

8. The Rise of Rome Influenced by the Greeks
Etruscans influenced Rome’s development the most
Influenced writing, religion, art, etc

10. Founding the City 753BC- traditional date as founding of Rome
Initially ruled by monarchy
Mythical story of Remus and Romulus

12. Monarchies 7 kings of Rome- 753-509BCE
Tarquin the Proud (Tarquinius Superbus)- last King of Rome
Tyrannical, evil ruler who was exiled
Rape of Lucretia
Revolution by Brutus (son) and Collatinus

13. Rape of Lucretia

14. Revolt
In 509, Romans overthrew the Etruscan king and developed a republic
Republic – a form of government where the people are represented by another person.
May be chosen by the people or appointed
"res publica" - a public thing for the people

15. The Roman Republic Two consuls chosen every year Roman Senate
First two were Brutus and Collatinus
Roman Senate
300 patricians who served for life
Tribal Assembly
Council of plebeians was created to create political equality

16. Senatus PopulusQue Romanus Senate and People of Rome
S.P.Q.R
Senatus PopulusQue Romanus
Senate and People of Rome

17. Roman Law Twelve Tables Led the way for Law of Nations
Adopted in 450BC
Provide political and social rights for Plebs
Later became inadequate
Led the way for Law of Nations

18. The Roman Republic Rome expanded their empire
Allowed conquered areas to remain free
Good diplomats
Excelled in military affairs

19. First Punic War
Carthage was founded by Phoenicians (punicus) around 800 B.C.
Carthage and Rome wanted Sicily
War broke out in 264 B.C.
Romans built large naval fleet to win

20. Carthage

21. Second Punic War Hannibal – greatest Carthaginian general
Bring the War to Rome- didn’t really work
Scipio, of Rome, then attacked Carthage- success!!
By 129 Rome controlled Macedonia, Greece, and Pergamum

22. Hannibal

23. Second Punic War

24. Assignment
Using your computers, notes, books, encyclopedias, etc, write an alternate ending to the Punic Wars.
What if Hannibal had been successful and conquered Rome? What would be different? What would we have? What wouldn’t we have?
To do this, you will need to research what they wanted, how they lived, government, etc.
Write a one page story, and be creative!

25. Chief Phoenician colony
Founded in 813BC
Rapid growth in fame and wealth
Inhabited by Queen Tyre and aristocrats
Battle Greeks for Sicily in 480

26. Roman Expansion Led to separation of social classes
Need for a permanent army
Call for Reform
Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus urged for land reform
Each killed for the way the ruled
As the Republic grew more unstable, generals began seizing power for themselves

27. Rise of the Armies Gaius Marius vs. Lucius Sulla
Both Consuls of Rome by different measures
Marius by election from Plebs
Sulla by appointment from Senate

28. Marius Sulla

29. Uses army to capture and kill enemies in Rome
Marius
Free Roman Army- pledge allegiance to him, not S.P.Q.R.
Uses military to conquer other lands- elects proconsul to rule in his place
Sulla
Uses army to capture and kill enemies in Rome
Takes over as dictator with the military

30. A Nation in Trouble
Rome is no longer a nation of laws, but becoming a nation of men
Generals building up armies
Loyalty to men, not loyalty to the state
We are seeing the beginnings of an Empire

31. The First Triumvirate
Triumvirate – govt. by three people with equal power
After 50 years of civil war, three men gained power
Crassus- Richest man in Rome
Pompey – military hero from Spain
Julius Caesar- military commander

32. Julius Caesar

33. Julius Caesar Julius Caesar leads army in Gaul in Great Campaign
Pompey tries to bring Caesar home without his army
Caesar responds by bringing loyal army home into Rome
Pompey flees and Caesar made Consul for Life – Dictator- 47BC

34. Caesar’s Rome Senate planned/ Assassinated Caesar Absolute Ruler
Reforms
Granted Roman citizenship to provinces
Land Reforms
Increased pay for his soldiers
Senate planned/ Assassinated Caesar
March 15, 44 BC – Beware the Ides of March – Shakespeare

35. Beware the Ides of March- 44BC

36. Second Triumvirate New leaders emerge
Octavian- 18yrs old, grandnephew of Caesar
Marc Antony- Experienced Military Leader
Lepidus- Powerful politician
Fight between Octavian and Antony
Antony and Cleopatra were defeated at Actium, Greece in 31BC
Period from 31 B.C. – 14 A.D. – Age of Augustus

37. Octavian

38. Age of Augustus Augustus – the Sacred one
Senate gave Augustus imperium for life- complete rule
Wanted to fix Rome, finish what Caesar Started
Expands empire
Roads to provinces, beautifies Rome

39. Ever expanding empire, but defeat to barbarians in Germany helped realize that Rome was not invincible
Period after death of Augustus is called the Early Empire

40. The Early Empire New political system
Allowed the emperor to select successor
Augustus chooses family
Gaius Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius, Nero
Slowly took control of everything
After Nero, Rome realized they needed to change the system

41. Nero

42. The Good Emperors
Beginning with the 2nd century, there were five “good” emperors
Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antonius Pius, Marcus Aurelius
Led Pax Romana
Time of peace and prosperity
Senate’s power declined
Taken by Emperors

43. The Good Emperors Trajan Marcus Aurelius

44. Hadrian
Wall built to protect N. border of Britain

45. Roman Empire Empire continued to expand until it was too big to defend
In 212 citizenship was given to every free person in the empire
Latin in the West, Greek in East
Create Greco-Roman world
Economy boomed- farming, trade, commerce, slave labor

47. Roman Empire Romans adopted Greek art
Excelled in architecture- many building projects
Literature was at its height during the Age of Augustus
Family was at the heart of Roman life

48. Roman Architecture

49. Roman Architecture

50. Slave revolts Spartacus Gladiator Led Slave revolt 70,000 followers
Captured and killed
6000 followers were crucified

51. Roman Empire
Rome was a true capital city with close to a million residents
Overcrowded and noisy
Insulae – apartment blocks, up to six stories high
Entertainment
Gladiators, Circus Maximus, Dramas

52. Insulae

53. Roman Baths

54. Roman Baths

55. Roman Religion Romans were tolerant of other religions
Officially a polytheistic state
Some emperors were officially made gods
Romans were tolerant of other religions
Eastern religions began to threaten Rome

56. Roman Religion
Kingdom of Judea became a Roman province, but still followed own laws/ religion
Revolt in 66 BC

57. http://patdollard. s3. amazonaws. com/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/Jesus
Rise of Jesus- teachings led to Christianity; Jewish man, stirred controversy

58. Issues w/ Christianity
At first, Christians were persecuted and thought to be a threat to the Roman society
Many were killed regularly
Christianity gained popularity and by 3rd century, Christianity was widespread

59. Rise of Christianity Why did it grow so fast?
Personal religion with a meaning to life
Familiar
Fulfilled human need to belong
In the 4th century, Constantine became the first Christian emperor
Edict of Milan- Constantine
Adopted as official religion in 378 under Theodosius the Great

60. http://upload. wikimedia

61. After Pax Romana
Period of instability after the Five Good Emperors: 3rd century A.D.
Plague , invasions bombarded empire
Economic hardships
Decline in trade and small industry

62. Late Roman Empire Diocletian- 284- 305 Constantine
New governmental structure, economy and religion
Divided kingdom into 4 units for control
Constantine
Built a new capital at Constantinople- East
Enlarged Army and civil service w/ reform
Inflation used to pay off

63. Diocletian
Constantine

64. Decline of Rome
Rome became split into the Eastern and Western Roman Empires
Inflation
rapid increase
in prices

65. Decline of Rome Pressure from the Huns and the Visigoths
In 476 Romulus Augustus out as the Germanic head of state, ending the Western Roman Empire

66. Why Rome Failed????? Emphasis on Christianity weakened the military
Traditional values declined as non-Italians gained prominence
Lead in the water led to a mental decline
Plague
Failed to advance technologically due to slavery
No workable political system

67. Pompeii What happened? What can we learn? What was pompeii like?
Pictures. Pictures. Pictures.
Internet site?