1. Main slide Belladonna leaves. Common names Description & plant origin
Constituents
Atropine
Hyoscine, Hyoscyamine and scopolamine
Medications
Drug interactions
Contra-indications

2. Thin, long- pointed
Black cherry
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3. Main slide
Dr. Jaradat.N.A

4. Flowers pale purple
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Dr. Jaradat.N.A

5. Main slide
Black cherry
Dr. Jaradat.N.A

6. Flowers pale purple
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Dr. Jaradat.N.A

7. Black cherry
Purple flower
Belladonnine toxic alkaloid
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9. Atropa belladonna Family:Solanaceae Belladonna leaves:
Deadly night shade leaves:
Black Cherry leaves
Folia Belladonnae
Atropa belladonna
Family:Solanaceae
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10. Belladonna gained its name during the Middle Ages, when beautiful young women used it to dilate their pupils.
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11. Perennial herbaceous plant (1m)height Flowers pale purple .
Fruits black (black cherry).
The leaves are thin, long- pointed .
Odor : odorless .
Taste : bitter.
Native land : Central and Southern Europe .
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12. Chemical constituents :
Alkaloids tropane group (0.4%)
Atropine
Hyoscyamine
Scopolamine
Hyoscine
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13. Atropine
Dry as a bone, blind as a bat, red as a beet, and mad as a hatter.
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14. Overdosage The following side effects are usually warning signs of overdose: 1.red skin
2. dry mouth. 3.abnormally fast heartbeat. 4.prolonged pupil dilation. 5.inability to focus. 6. overheating due to reduction of perspiration. 7. difficult urination. 8.severe constipation.
High doses lead to symptoms such as restlessness, compulsion to talk, hallucinations, delirium, and manic attacks followed by sleep.
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15. Much smaller doses are fatal in children.
Doses of 5 to 50 grams (about 1 teaspoon to 3 tablespoons) can prove fatal for adults.
Much smaller doses are fatal in children.
Death usually results from asphyxiation.
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16. Pharmacological effects & Uses
1- Atropine : anticholinergic agent : a)
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17. b) Antispasmodic decrease intestinal hyper motility .
c) Pupil dilator (mydriasis effect ) in the eyes surgery and in the eyes examinations .
d) Parasympatholytic agent antidote in case of poisoning from:
1- pilocarpine
2-physostigmine
3-organophosphate insecticides.
4- Treatment of Intoxication by Amanita muscaria (toxic Mushroom).
e) CNS stimulant (very dangerous to be used as CNS stimulant).
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18. 4- hyoscine : sedative effect used in case
2- Scopolamine (CNS depressant ) : treatment of motion sickness (nausea & vomiting ).antimuscarinic agent.
3- Hyoscyamine : control gastric secretions& intestinal hyper motility in treatment of peptic ulcer and colic's .
4- hyoscine : sedative effect used in case
of colic's (renal and intestinal colic's )
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19. Drugs Atropine sulphate®:(Teva):1mg amp
Drugs Atropine sulphate®:(Teva):1mg amp.a)reduction of salivation& bronchial secretions. b)poisons & toxic gases antidote c) before surgical operations to reduce secretions.
Diastal® BP
Diphenoxylated HCl+ Atropine sul.
Tab
Diarrhea
Atropine sul. ®
Rekah
Atropine sul.
0.5mg
Reduction of
Smooth muscles motility
Atrospan
Fischer
Drop
Mydriatic
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20. Kolik ® JCL Hyoscyamine Sul. Drops Colic Intestinal spasm Spastolate ®
BPP
Tab
GIT disorders
Normatyl-2 ®
Jeph-arm
Hyoscine
Anxiety ,
GIT spasm
Scopal-co ®
hyoscine
Scopolamine
HBr ®
Teva
Scopolamine HBr
Amp
Sever motion sickness
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21. Indications : Constipation including chronic and acute.
Bilacton® : Trima :Dragees: Cascara bark+ Frangula bark + Belladonna dry extract.
Indications : Constipation including chronic and acute.
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22. Laxative® : Trima : Dragees : Aloin+ Aloe vera powder +Ipecac + Belladonna dry extract
Indications: Constipation.
Laxative Comp®: Teva : Tablets : Aloin+ Aloe vera powder + pulv. Ipecac + Belladonna dry extract
Laxative effect.
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23. I. Amantadine : (Paritrel®- Trima-Dragees).
Possible Drug Interactions Belladonna can increase the side effects of the following drugs:
I. Amantadine : (Paritrel®- Trima-Dragees).
1. Dopaminergic agent/Parkinson’s disease.
2.Viral replication inhibitor/ Prophylaxes and tmt of influenza.
II. Quinidine: class 1 anti-arrhythmic agent (Quiniduran® -Teva/ Quinidine sulphate®–Trima-Tab.)
III. Tricyclic antidepressant medications such as Imipramine- Tofranil®- Novartis-Tabs
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24. CONTRA-INDICATIONS: Atropine is contra-indicated in patients with prostatic enlargement and glaucoma.
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25. The best dose of Atropine before surgical operations: Children
(above 1 year of age):0,010 mg –0,020 mg/kg body mass.
Adults:
0,3 mg –0,6 mg I.M., about one hour before anaesthesia.  
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