1. ECGD 4122 – Foundation Engineering
Faculty of Applied Engineering and Urban Planning
Civil Engineering Department
2nd Semester 2008/2009
ECGD 4122 – Foundation Engineering
Lecture 5

2. Content
Bearing Capacity Concepts
Analysis for Shallow Foundations

3. Bearing Capacity Failures
Modes of Soil Failure:
General shear failure
Local shear failure
Punching shear failure

4. Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Formulas

5. General Shear Failure

6. Local Shear Failure

7. Punching Shear Failure

8. Model Tests - Vesic (1973)

9. General Guidelines Footings on clays - general shear
Footings on dense sands (> 70%) - general shear
Footings on loose to medium dense - local shear
Footings on very loose sand (< 35%) - punching shear

10. Terzaghi’s Basic Assumptions
D  B
No sliding between footing and soil
Soil is a homogeneous semi-infinite mass
General shear failure
Footing is very rigid compared to soil

11. Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Formulas General Shear Failure
For Continuous foundations:
For Square foundations:
For Circular foundations:

12. Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Factors General Shear Failure

13. Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Formulas Local Shear Failure

14. Modified General Ultimate Bearing Capacity Formula

15. Modified General Ultimate Bearing Capacity Formula

16. Modified General Ultimate Bearing Capacity Formula

17. Modified General Ultimate Bearing Capacity Formula

18. Modified General Ultimate Bearing Capacity Formula

19. Effect of GWT Level

20. Effect of GWT Level
Case I: 0 ≤ D1 ≤ Df

21. Effect of GWT Level
Case II: 0 ≤ d ≤ B

22. Effect of GWT Level
Case III: d > B

23. Selection of Soil Strength Parameters
Use saturated strength parameters
Use undrained strength in clays (cu)
Use drained strength in sands
For intermediate soils with partially drained conditions, undrained shear strength can be used but it will be conservative

24. Other Approaching Methods
Skempton (1951)
Meyerhof (1953, 1963)
De Beer and Ladanyi (1961)
Brinch Hanson (1961, 1970)
Vesic (1973, 1975)
Others

25. Factor of Safety Depends on: Type of soil
Level of uncertainty in soil strength
Importance of structure
Consequences of failure
Likelihood of design load occurrence

26. Factor of Safety Gross Allowable Bearing Capacity
Net Allowable Bearing Capacity

27. Factor of Safety

28. Design Factor of Safety

29. Example 1
Use Terzaghi’s formula to determine the gross allowable load for the square footing shown below at a general shear failure condition with no GWT effect. Take Nc = 17.69, Nq = 7.44, N = 3.64, and FS = 3.0.

30. Example 1 - Solution

31. Example 2
Redo the previuos example under a local shear failure condition with no GWT effect. Use Terzaghi’s formula. Take Nc = 11.85, Nq = 3.88, N = 1.12, and FS = 3.0.

32. Example 2 - Solution

33. Example 3
Refer to the previous example to determine the net allowable load. Use Terzaghi’s formula. Take FS = 3.0.

34. Example 3 - Solution

35. Example 4
Determine the breadth of the square footing shown below using Terzaghi’s formula to withstand a gross mass of 30 tons with no GWT level effects. Nc = 57.75, Nq = 41.44, N = 45.41, and FS = 3.0.

36. Example 4 - Solution

37. Example 5
Determine the required breadth of a square footing using the general bearing capacity formula to withstand a gross load of 150 kN at a depth of 0.7 m with no GWT level effects. The applied load is inclined at angle of 20º to the vertical. c’ = 0, ’ = 30º,  = 18 kN/m3, Nq = 18.40, N = 22.40, and FS = 3.0.

38. Example 5 - Solution

39. Example 5 - Solution

40. Example 5 - Solution

41. Example 5 - Solution

42. Example 6
Determine the safe gross vertical loading for the square footing shown below using Terzaghi’s formula. Take Nq = 23.18, N = 22.02, and FS = 3.0.

43. Example 6 - Solution