2. Cardiovascular Disease Casey Haberl LIF 280 81 80

3. What is Cardiovascular Disease?  A disorder that involves the heart and its blood vessels.  Involves Atherosclerosis  Heart Disease often leads to heart attacks, strokes, or even death.

4. Heart Attack  A heart attack occurs when an artery supplying blood to the heart gets blocked by a blood clot.  This year, more than 920,000 Americans will have a heart attack.  After having a heart attack, lifestyle changes must be made to stay healthy and prevent having another heart attack.

5. The cost of a Heart Attack  Ambulance  Surgery  Hospital Charges  Diagnostic Tests  Doctors Appointments  Medications

6. Stroke  The fourth leading cause of death in the United States  Has many of the same risk factors as heart disease  Ischemic Stroke  Hemorrhagic stroke

7. The cost of a stroke  The total cost of a stroke is $43 billion per year  Direct costs of medical care-$28 billion  Indirect costs from lost productivity-$15 million  Cost of care for 90 days after stroke- $15,000

8. High Blood Pressure  High blood pressure is one of the main risk factors of heart disease, heart attack, and stroke  About 30% of Americans have high blood pressure  Lifestyle changes that can help bring blood pressure down  Blood pressure medications

9. Types of Blood Pressure  Two types of high blood pressure  Stage 1 high blood pressure  Stage 2 high blood pressure

10. Lifestyle Changes  No smoking  Eating a healthy diet  Maintaining a healthy weight  Exercise  Limit alcohol intake

11. Blood Pressure Medications  Stage 1  Diuretics (water pills)  ACE inhibitors  Angiotensin receptor blockers  Beta blockers  Calcium channel blockers  Renin inhibitors  Stage 2  ACE Inhibitors  Angiotensin receptor blockers  Beta blockers  Calcium channel blockers  Renin blockers

12. The Cost of Blood Pressure Medications  In recent studies, high blood pressure medications cost the United States about $93.5 billion  High blood pressure medications can cost up to $600 dollars per year  Health insurance can help to cover the cost

13. The Cost of Medications without Insurance  If a person does not have insurance than they will be responsible for paying the full price for their medications  Not everyone can afford their medications so therefore some choose to not take them

14. Types of Diagnostic Tests  Electrocardiogram (EKG)  Stress test  Chest X-Ray  Cardiac catheterization  CT heart scan  Heart MRI  Echocardiogram

15. The Cost of Diagnostic Tests  Most diagnostic tests are fairly expensive  The cost depends on if the person has insurance or not.

16. The Total Cost of Heart Disease  As of 2008, it was reported that the total cost of heart disease was about $448.5 billion  The total cost includes all of the tests and procedures, medications, hospital fees, ambulance rides, surgeries, etc.

17. Bibliography  "American Heart Association Report: Costs of Heart Disease in the United States Will Triple between Now and 2030." Partnership to Fight Chronic Disease. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Apr. 2014.  "Diseases and Conditions." Choosing Blood Pressure Medications. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Apr. 2014.  "EKGs and Exercise Stress Tests." EKGs and Stress Tests: When You Need Them. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Apr. 2014.

18. Bibliography  "Expensive New Blood Pressure Meds No Better than Generics, According to Long-term Data." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, n.d. Web. 05 Apr. 2014.  "Faces of Stroke." Heart-brain Connection. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Apr. 2014.  Feature, R. Morgan GriffinWebMD. "Heart Disease: The Cost of Medical Bills and Disability." WebMD. WebMD, n.d. Web. 05 Apr. 2014.  "Heart Disease Facts." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 19 Feb. 2014. Web. 04 Apr. 2014.

19. Bibliography  "Heart Disease Facts." The Heart Foundation. N.p., n.d. Web. 04 Apr. 2014.  "The Stroke Center at University Hospital." UH Stroke Center. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Apr. 2014.  "What Is Cardiovascular Disease (Heart Disease)?" What Is Cardiovascular Disease (Heart Disease)? N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Apr. 2014.