2. Unbound exotic nuclei studied via projectile fragmentation Guillaume Blanchon Scuola di Dottorato G. Galilei, Pisa. Universita` di Paris-Sud, Orsay.

3. A.A. Ibraheem and A. Bonaccorso, Recoil effects on the optical potentials of weakly bound nuclei Nucl. Phys. A748 (2005) 414. A. Bonaccorso and F. Carstoiu Optical potentials of halo and weakly bound nuclei Nucl. Phys. A706 (2002) 322. GANIL data 49 A.MeV, P. Roussel-Chomaz et al., private communication. 10 Be 11 Be

4. Plan of the talk 1. Illustration of reaction mechanisms Nuclear (both stripping and diffraction) and Coulomb breakup. Spectroscopy of unbound nuclei Determination of dripline positionDetermination of dripline position Observables measured & calculated, structure information extracted Observables measured & calculated, structure information extracted.

5. sudden vs final state interaction

6. Nuclear breakup Coulomb breakup 11 Be 41 A.MeV Barranco, Vigezzi, Broglia, PLB 1996 NN2006, Rio de Janeiro. Reaction mechanism determination via n-core coincidences

7. How to treat theoretically Nuclear breakup with final state interaction with target and core. Coulomb breakup (recoil effects). Both to all orders and full multipole expansion ( for Coulomb potential) including coupling and interference effects.

8. Brink et al. since 1978 similar to Alder& Winther for Coulomb excitations Seeking a clear physical interpretation of DWBA (Brink et al. since 1978 H. Hasan). similar to Alder& Winther for Coulomb excitations. - Transfer between bound states and spin coupling (L. Lo Monaco, I. Stancu, H. Hashim, G. Piccolo, 1985). - Transfer to the continuum (1988). - Coulomb breakup to all orders and coupled to nuclear breakup: interference effects. (J. Margueron, 2002). - Full multipole expansion of Coulomb potential, proton breakup (A. Garcia-Camacho, 2005/2006). - Projectile fragmentation (G. Blanchon, 2005/06). Analytical methods for transfer and breakup

9. INELASTICDiffraction Fourier transform of the overlap TRANSFER Stripping & Diffraction Overlap of momentum distribution (Fourier transforms) Broglia and Winther book

10. cf. Transf. Inel. Projectile fragmentation: a model for diffractive breakup in which the observable studied is the n-core relative energy spectrum and its resonances

11. Differences Transfer to the continuum.Transfer to the continuum. Long range form factor. Overlap of momentum distributions On shell n-N S-Matrix Projectile fragmentation.Projectile fragmentation. Short range form factor. Momentum distribution of overlap Off-the-energy-shell n-N S-matrix

12. 11 Be+ 12 C @ 67A.MeV G. Blanchon et al., to be published in NPA 11 Be: a test case for the projectile fragmentation model

13. Neutron - core potential must be studied in order to understand borromean nuclei. 11 Li, 14 Be and 13 Be From structure theory point of view: S 1/2 g.s? relevant p and d components ? Core excitation effects? From reaction theory point of view: i) Scattering with threshold resonances. ii) Sudden approximation and one- or two step processes. Dripline position: from bound nuclei to nuclei unstable by neutron/proton decay.

14. GSI (U. Datta Pramanik)( 2004). Unpublished 14 B ( 12 C,X) 12 Be+n 14 Be ( 12 C,X) 12 Be+n H. Simon et al. N.P.A734 (2004) 323, and private communication. G. Blanchon, A. Bonaccorso, D. M. Brink, A.Garcia-Camacho and N. Vinh Mau Unbound exotic nuclei studied by projectile fragmentation projectile fragmentation reactions. submitted to NPA 13 Be: an example of creation by the reaction mechanism G. Blanchon, A. Bonaccorso and N. Vinh Mau Unbound exotic nuclei studied transfer to the continuum by transfer to the continuum reactions Nucl. Phys. A739 (2004) 259. 12 Be (d,p) 14 B 14 B fragmentation: GANIL ( Lecouey, Orr) (2002). transfer to the continuumtransfer to the continuum: 12 Be (d,p) RIKEN ( Korsheninnikov ) (1995).

15. transfer to the continuum: 12 Be (d,p) RIKEN ( Korsheninnikov ) (1995). 14 B 14 B fragmentation: GANIL ( Lecouey, Orr) (2002). GSI (U. Datta Pramanik)( 2004). 14 Be 14 Be nuclear breakup, GSI ( Simon ), 287AMeV, n-core angular correlations 14 Be 14 Be nuclear and Coulomb breakup: GANIL (K. Jones thesis, 2000). 14 C+ 11 B 14 C+ 11 B multinucleon transfer: (Berlin Group,1998). 18 O fragmentation 18 O fragmentation MSU (Thoennessen, 2001) n-core relative velocity spectra. 14 Be 14 Be nuclear breakup: RIKEN (Nakamura, Fukuda) (2004). Resumee: 13 Be has been obtained from: Transfer to the continuum and projectile fragmentation Do they convey the same information?… the same n-core phase shifts? the same n-core phase shifts? Is the overlap of resonances the same? Is the overlap of resonances the same?

16. 2s d5/2 p1/2 p3/2 1s1/2 2s d5/2 p1/2 p3/2 1s1/2 d5/2 p1/2 2s p3/2 1s1/2     ...... 14 B g.s. = 2 - =  p3/2+ 2s It is not a GOOD CORE 12 Be g.s. = 0 + 14 Be g.s. = 0 + (?)....  ... d3/2 2s d5/2 p1/2 p3/2 1s1/2 inversion threshold.. Breakdown of shell closure * *A.Navin et al, PRL85,266 (2000)

17. Potential corrections due to the particle-vibration coupling ( N. Vinh Mau and J. C. Pacheco, NPA607 (1996) 163. also T. Tarutina, I.J. Thompson, J.A. Tostevin NPA733 (2004) 53 ) can be modeled as: … can be modeled as: n+ 12 Be: d3/2 2s d5/2 p1/2 p3/2 1s1/2 inversion threshold U( r ) = V WS + V so +  V  V ( r ) = 16  e (r-R)/a / (1+e (r-R)/a ) 4

18. Bound to unbound transitions E inc : independent  if : important check of sudden approximation Results sudden q=0sudden

19. Final s-state: continuum vs bound

20. effective range theory (1 0 order) k cotan  = - 1 asas + 1 2 r o k 2 Peak positions of continuum states are not low enough to make accurate predictions by the

22. in preparation, private communication in preparation, private communication. Core excitation via imaginary potential wash out d-resonance effect

23. Consistent results only if: All bound to continuum transitions are considered (final state effects vs. sudden). Correct form factor. Optical model phase shifts. Final state interaction effect seems MORE important than sudden effect for not very developed haloes

24. All orders breakup of heavy exotic nuclei

25. Motivation A. Gade et al.

26. Proton breakup to all orders and all multipoles in the Coulomb potential to be submitted

27. CDCC CDCC Y. Sakuragi, Ph.D thesis, Kyushu Univ.1985. M. Yahiro, Ph.D thesis, Kyushu Univ. 1985. M. Kamimura, M. Kawai; I.Thompson, F. Nunes et al. only, Includes core deformations. Calculates elastic breakup only, BUT both nuclear and Coulomb consistently. Includes core deformations. Most often used in proj. reference frame. Can use only REAL, non energy dependent BUT l -dependent n-C interactions, while n-T and C-T can be complex. Observables obtained: n-C relative energy spectra, core angular distributions, sometimes core momentum distributions, total cross sections. Neutron-angular distributions ? Numerical accuracy? Predictive power?

28. Time dependent Schrödinger eq.for the nucleon Time dependent Schrödinger eq.for the nucleon ( Yabana & Co., Baye & Co {see Capel talk}.Bertulani, Bertsch & Esbensen, Scarpaci & Chomaz et al. ). Valid at high incident energies : use classical trajectory. Calculates similar observables as CDCC (core angular distributions, n-core energy distributions) in C&B version (mainly Coulomb breakup). ? In B&E version core momentum distributions are also obtained. Stripping? Eikonal Eikonal : ( Yabana, Ogawa, Suzuki, Bertsch & Esbensen, Carstoiu, Tostevin ): elastic and inelastic (absorptive) nuclear breakup provided no-bound excited states. Total breakup cross sections. In B&Br, B&Be neutron energy conservation is included. ( with classical C-T trajectory ).

29. Full time dependent Schrödinger eq. with wave packet evolution Full time dependent Schrödinger eq. with wave packet evolution ( Yabana…see his talk). Best hope method for future applications: clear physical interpretation. So far used to estimate transfer and fusion at barrier energies. Shows breakup presence. Uses real potentials. Needs supercomputers for high energy/large impact parameter calculations.

30. Brasilian School direct reactions M. Hussein, A. Kerman, Mc Voy: direct reactions F. Canto, R. Donangelo et al: breakup & fusion, semiclassical semiclassical models…see talks. C. Bertulani, G.Baur, S. Typel: Coulomb dissociation G.Baur et al. : Stripping to the continuum German School

31. Polish School Polish School …..via shell model in the continuum…see Ploszajczak talk Three body specialists Three body specialists Unify structure and reaction models ….....see talks by Jensen and Garrido

32. EURISOL, task 10: Physics & Instrumentations Task leader: Robert Page rdp@ns.ph.liv.ac.uk rdp@ns.ph.liv.ac.uk or Nigel Orr orr@lpccaen.in2p3.fr or A.B. angela.bonaccorso@pi.infn.it Many theoreticians are involved and more are invited to join. www.lnl.infn.it/eurisol/ Our field is exciting and expanding: RIA, EURISOL, SPIRAL2, FAIR, MAFF, RIKEN, HIE-ISOLDE, SPES, EXCYT, etc. will provide more and more data which will make all of us (experimentalists and theoreticians) happily happily working hard for many years to come. CONCLUSIONS

33. From the book of Daniel in the Bible (reported by Goldstein: Classical Mechanics) I wish to thank You, Good of my ancestors, because you have given me wisdom and capacity of understanding. You have revealed to me the mysteries for which I have begged You. THANKS TO ALL OF YOU FOR YOUR WORK WITHOUT WHICH THIS TALK WOULD NOT HAVE BEEN POSSIBLE, AND FOR YOUR ATTENTION.

35. Fourier transform of the overlap

36. p-state potential:long range subtracted s-state potential:long range added

42. bcbc x z P T vzvz V i (r) V f (r). before collision after T+1. P-1 1.Transfer to the continuum dynamics 1.Transfer to the continuum dynamics (knockout) k1k1 k2k2 k 2 -k 1 =k  f -  i =mv 2 /2  f opt >0 for halo k REACTION MECHANISMS diffraction and stripping

43. bcbc x z 14 Be 14 B T vzvz V i (r) V f (r) n-core final state interaction. before after T. Core. 13 Be. NN2006, Rio de Janeiro. 2. Projectile fragmentation

44. bcbc x z P T vzvz V i (r) V f (r). before collision after T P-1 3. Coulomb Breakup : core recoil. proton halo feels an effective Coulomb barrier NN2006, Rio de Janeiro.

45. energy spectra n-core and n-target Fukuda, Nakamura et al. Capel & Baye et al. 208 Pb target 12 C target