1. Post-harvest Clean Up Crew: Flash- grazed Hogs in Organic Fruit Orchards Krista Buehrer 1 and Dr. Matthew Grieshop 1 1 Michigan State University Entomology Department

2. Methods Three crops: cherry, pear, apple Two replicates –3 grazed plots/rep –3 ungrazed plots/rep Three 20m transects/plot –Ground cover measured every meter –All fruit collected from 4 random quadrats Fruit weighed and insect presence evaluated

3. Methods 12 Yorkshire hogs Hogs relatively large, all but one over 140lbs Hogs rotated through plots every ~ 2 days

4. Plot Layout Plots 81 x 81 ft (0.15 acres) Electric rope fencing with step-in posts and t-posts at the corners

6. Ground Cover Results Grass ground cover statistically the same in grazed and ungrazed plots before the hogs (p=0.67) Hogs significantly decreased grass ground cover (p=0.000002)

7. Ground Cover Results Bare ground statistically the same in grazed and ungrazed plots before hogs (p=0.16) Hogs significantly increased bare ground cover (p=0.000005)

8. Ground Cover Results Fruit ground cover statistically the same before hogs (p=0.58) Hogs significantly decreased fruit ground cover (p=0.000000002)

9. Ground Cover Results GrazedUngrazed

10. Fruit Biomass Fruit biomass statistically the same before hogs in grazed and ungrazed plots (p=0.28) Hogs significantly reduced fruit biomass (t=26.92, d.f.=4, p=0.000001)

11. Fruit Biomass

12. Conclusions Hogs significantly impact ground cover Hog are a potentially effective tool to reduce fruit biomass leftover from harvest Hogs may impact a few pest insects, but more in depth study is required

13. Conclusions Large hogs most likely not suitable for high density orchards or trees with shallow root systems due to heavy rooting behavior

14. Acknowledgements Gene Garthe Jess Piskor Phil Kavouriaris Emily Pochubay