1. Welcome to Biology 101 Human Anatomy & Physiology I
A tour through the Visible Human (National Library of Medicine)…
Outgrowth of the NLM’s 1986 long-range plan – creation of complete, anatomically detailed, three-dimensional representations of the normal male and female human bodies. Done using transverse CT, MR, and cryosection images of representative male and female cadavers. (Male sectioned at 1 mm intervals, female at 0.3 mm intervals) Long-term goal it to produce a system of knowledge structures that will transparently link visual knowledge forms of symbolic knowledge formats such as names of body parts.
Please be sure you pick up handouts, and initial the attendance sheet; names are in ALPHABETICAL ORDER!
You should initial the attendance sheet each time you come to lecture.

2. General Information Who am I? Greg Erianne, Ph.D. Office SH 205
- CCM:
Telephone; (voice mail)
Web site:

3. Chapter 1 The Human Body: An Orientation Lecture 1
Marieb’s Human
Anatomy and Physiology
Marieb w Hoehn
Chapter 1
The Human Body: An Orientation
Lecture 1
Slides 1-15; 80 min (with review of syllabus and Web sites) [Lecture 1]
Slides 16 – 38; 50 min [Lecture 2]
118 min (38 slides plus review of course Web sites and syllabus)

4. Emergency Evacuation Procedures
Emergency evacuation may be required when there is an actual or potential danger to the occupants of any building as a result of fire or other emergency situation. When a fire alarm is sounded, all occupants must leave the building(s) via the nearest exit and proceed immediately to the designated staging area and remain 50 feet from any building. Fire Marshals will direct the evacuation. All walkways and roads must remain clear for emergency vehicles. Take all belongings with you. You will remain there until the all clear is sounded, or a Fire Marshal directs you to a remote staging area. Evacuation of physically disabled individuals will be assisted or coordinated by the faculty at the site. DO NOT USE ELEVATORS DURING THE EVACUATION PROCESS. The evacuation staging area for this classroom or laboratory is (Please state staging area from accompanying chart).
The evacuation staging area for this classroom or laboratory is:
SH 100-level Classrooms/Labs Lawn above HH stairs, Parking lot 5
DH 100-level Classrooms Rear exit to lot 1 50 ft past walkway, Parking lot 1

5. Course Web Sites
Our Web sites for this class are located at:
(Main Web site)
Announcements (VERY IMPORTANT TO LOOK AT FREQUENTLY!)
Syllabus and all lecture/lab schedules
Lecture and Lab slides used in class (ppt and pdf formats)
Supplementary online materials for Lecture and Lab
Lecture and Lab Exam Study Guides
Links to many other sites including PearsonWeb site
Extra credit assignments
(Blackboard Learn; Secondary)
You will need your student ID and password for the Blackboard (BB) site
This BB site will be used ONLY grades and grade-related things
(from Pearson Science)
You will need the course ID and have to register if you haven’t been to this site before
Lots of resources to use for A&P I – take advantage of it!
(Course ID: MAPERIANNE12222)
Printing slides and other materials (see I sent)

6. Overview of Today’s Lecture
Course Web sites and Publisher Web site
Course Description/Textbook/Lab Book
Course Objectives and Syllabus Review
Blueprint for success
Organization of the Human Body
Characteristics of Life
Homeostasis
Anatomical Terminology
Chemistry I (Lectures 2, 3, and 4)

7. Textbook/Laboratory Manual
Course Description
Lecture / discussion format
Lectures will follow Marieb’s Human Anatomy and Physiology, 10th edition closely
Figures used for class
Laboratory
Marieb’s Laboratory Manual, 12th edition
Reading assignments should be done BEFORE you come to class/lab

8. Major objectives of this course
In general, you will…
Master the objectives listed in the Study Guides
Develop a further mastery of scientific/biomedical terminology
Further develop your ability to think logically and critically
Let’s review the syllabus, policies, and handouts…

9. Grading Summary for A&P I
Lecture
(Four lecture exams + Final Exam)
**If Final Exam Score is higher than lowest Lecture Exam Score, lowest Lecture Exam Score will be replaced by Final Exam Score
Lecture Exam %
Lecture Exam %
Lecture Exam %
Lecture Exam %
Final Exam %
TOTAL %
Lab
(Three lab exams)
**Please consult with your laboratory instructor as his/her requirements & grading scheme may differ
Lab Exam %
Lab Exam %
Lab Exam %
TOTAL %
Letter Grade
Numerical Average
GPA
Quality Points A
93.0 – 100.0
4.00 A-
90.0 – 92.9
3.67 B+
87.0 – 89.9
3.33 B
83.0 – 86.9
3.00 B-
80.0 – 82.9
2.67 C+
77.0 – 79.9
2.33 C
70.0 – 76.9
2.00 D
60.0 – 69.9
1.00 F
<
0.00

10. Blueprint for Success Most importantly…
Skim your textbook BEFORE lecture and make notes
Take notes in your own words and become mentally involved during lecture; review/rewrite your notes after lecture
Ask questions if you don’t understand
Continually review previously learned material
Use all the study aids available to you
***Before taking the exam, you should be able to take a BLANK study guide and answer all the questions WITHOUT YOUR NOTES!!!!
**See the Suggested Study Method on Web gserianne.com Web site – Please review this!!!
**Be sure to print slides/materials if you want them for class/lab – make a schedule for yourself

11. Are you making the most of your time?
If you want to know the value of one year, just ask a student who failed a course. 
If you want to know the value of one month, ask a mother who gave birth to a premature baby. 
If you want to know the value of a week, ask a newspaper editor.
If you want to know the value of one hour, ask the lovers waiting to meet. 
If you want to know the value of one minute, ask the person who just missed a bus, train, or plane. 
If you want to know the value of one second, ask the person who just escaped death in a car accident. 
And if you want to know the value of one-hundredth of a second, ask the athlete who won a silver medal in the Olympics.
So are you making your days count? Are you making the most of your life? What will you do with the life you have left?  “The success of our life is not measured by its duration, but by its donation.” It’s not how long you live that counts, it’s how well and wisely you live.

12. Overview of Anatomy and Physiology
Anatomy – study of structure
- Gross anatomy – macroscopic (types?)
- Cytology (microanatomy) – cells
- Histology (microanatomy) – tissues
Physiology – study of function
- Specialized, e.g., neuro-, cellular-, patho Comparative physiology
Structure is always related to function; if structure changes, function changes
What’s this red stuff all about, anyway?

13. How Structure Determines Function
Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12th edition, 2010

14. Levels of Organization
Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12th edition, 2010

15. Important Definitions of Organizational Terms
Cell – The basic unit of biological structure and function (what is a ‘basic unit’ of something?)
Tissues – A group of cells working together to perform one or more specific functions
Organs – Two or more tissues working in combination to perform several functions
Organ System – Interaction of organs functioning closely together *

16. Characteristics of Life
What makes something ‘alive’, or living?
Movement – change in position; motion
Responsiveness – reaction to a change
Growth – increase in size or cell number
Reproduction – production of new organisms and new cells
Respiration – obtaining oxygen; removing carbon dioxide; releasing energy from foods

17. Characteristics of Life (cont’d)
Digestion – breakdown of food substances
Absorption – passage of substances through membranes and into body fluids
Assimilation – changing of absorbed substances into different substances
Excretion – removal of wastes
Circulation – movement of substances in body fluids

18. Requirements of Organisms
Water
- most abundant substance in body (60-80% of BW)
- required for metabolic processes
- required for transport
- regulates body temperature
Food
- supplies energy
- supplies raw materials to build/replace body components

19. Requirements of Organisms (cont’d)
Oxygen
- one-fifth of air
- used to release energy from nutrients
Heat
- form of energy
- partly controls rate of metabolic reactions
Pressure
- atmospheric pressure – important for breathing
- hydrostatic pressure – keeps blood flowing

20. General Function of Organ Systems
Figure from: Martini & Ober, Visual Anatomy and Physiology, Pearson, 2011
A&P I
A&P II
Know BOTH of these tables for exam

21. Organ Systems – Integument and Skeletal
Be able to identify the organ systems of the human body and their major components; describe the major functions of each organ system (See Figure 1.3 in Marieb)
Be able to identify the organ systems of the human body and their major components; describe the major functions of each organ system
Figure from Martini, Anatomy & Physiology, Prentice Hall, 2001

22. Organ Systems – Muscular and Nervous
Rapidly-acting, short-term control
(Skeletal muscle shown)
Figure from Martini, Anatomy & Physiology, Prentice Hall, 2001

23. Organ Systems – Endocrine and Cardiovascular
Slower-acting, longer-term control (compared to nervous system)
Figure from Martini, Anatomy & Physiology, Prentice Hall, 2001

24. Organ Systems – Lymphatic and Respiratory
Figure from Martini, Anatomy & Physiology, Prentice Hall, 2001

25. Organ Systems – Digestive and Urinary
Figure from Martini, Anatomy & Physiology, Prentice Hall, 2001

26. Organ Systems – Reproductive
Figure from Martini, Anatomy & Physiology, Prentice Hall, 2001

27. **Absence of homeostasis = DISEASE
A CRITICAL (and very testable) concept in physiology
Body’s maintenance of a stable internal environment
**Absence of homeostasis = DISEASE
Homeostatic Mechanisms – monitor aspects of the internal environment and corrects any changes.
Receptors - provide information about environment
Control center - tells what a particular value should be
Effectors - causes responses to change internal environment

28. Homeostatic Mechanisms
Notice that this occurs in a ONE-WAY circuit.
Slide moved ahead…
Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12th edition, 2010

29. Homeostasis
Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12th edition, 2010
Major goal of homeostasis is to keep this consistent
(Interstitial fluid)
The 70 trillion cells in our bodies surround themselves with their own environment. This is the environment that must remain stable despite changes outside.

30. Homeostasis
The 70 trillion cells in our bodies surround themselves with their own environment. This is the environment that must remain stable despite changes outside.
Major goal of homeostasis is to keep the interstitial fluid consistent
(Interstitial fluid)

31. Homeostasis
Negative feedback – deviation from set point progressively lessens
Positive feedback – deviation from set point gets progressively greater
Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12th edition, 2010

32. Homeostasis Remember that homeostasis does NOT mean constant!
Continual variations occur in body systems
Gives rise to ‘normal ranges’ (See Appendix B)
Examples of negative feedback (most things)
Temperature regulation, blood pressure, blood glucose levels
Examples of positive feedback
Blood clotting, milk ejection, uterine contraction

33. Homeostatic Mechanisms (cont’d)
Notice that this occurs in a ONE-WAY circuit.
Know the normal temperature of the body
Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12th edition, 2010

34. Serous Membranes Thoracic Membranes Abdominopelvic Membranes
Thin layer of tissue lining a body cavity that secretes serous fluid
Visceral layer – covers an organ
Parietal layer – lines a cavity or body wall
Thoracic Membranes
Visceral pleura
Parietal pleura
Visceral pericardium
Parietal pericardium
Abdominopelvic Membranes
Visceral peritoneum
Parietal peritoneum
Serous fluid –watery, protein-containing, slippery fluid typically separating serous membranes

35. Serous Membranes & Organs of the Thorax
Be able to label ALL parts of this diagram; (What system is each organ a part of?)
Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12th edition, 2010

36. Serous Membranes & Organs of the Abdomen
Be able to label ALL parts of this diagram; Know what system is each organ a part of
Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12th edition, 2010

37. Review Anatomy = structure; physiology = function
Structure determines function
The human body (multicellular organisms) can be organized in increasing levels of complexity
Atom, molecule, cell, tissue, organ, organ system
The eleven organ systems of the body function to maintain homeostasis

38. Review
Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable (NOT CONSTANT!) internal environment
Requires: receptor(s), control center, and effector(s)
Typically uses a negative feedback mechanism
Body cavities are lined by serous membranes
Visceral (nearest to organ)
Parietal (nearest to body wall; furthest from organ)
Cross (transverse) sections through the thorax or abdomen can provide lots of information about the relative position of organs within the body cavities. *