1. THEORIES, MODELS, AND FRAMEWORKS
GROUP 7
THEORIES, MODELS, AND FRAMEWORKS

2. Definitions Informatics – science that combines: domain science
computer science
information science
cognitive science
– multidisciplinary science drawing from various theories and knowledge applications

3. Definitions Healthcare informatics – integration of:
healthcare sciences
computer science
information science
cognitive science
to assist in the management of healthcare information
– subdiscipline of informatics

4. HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS
DENTAL INFORMATICS
MEDICAL INFORMATICS
NURSING INFORMATICS
PHARMACY INFORMATICS

5. DEFINITIONS
Nursing Informatics – use of information technologies in relation to any nursing functions and actions of nurses (Hannah, 1985)

6. DEFINITIONS Nursing Informatics – combination of:
computer science
information science
nursing science
designed to assist in the management and processing of nursing data, information and knowledge to support the practice of nursing and delivery of nursing care (Graves and Corcoran, 1989)

7. DEFINITIONS Nursing Informatics – specialty that integrates:
nursing science
computer science
information science
in identifying, collecting, processing, and managing data and information to support nursing practice, administration, education, research and the expansion of nursing knowledge (ANA, 1994)

8. nursing informatics as a specialty
In early 1992, the ANA (American Nursing Association) established nursing informatics with a distinct specialty in nursing w/ a distinct body of knowledge. The scope of nursing informatics practice includes activities such as developing and evaluating applications, tools, processes and strategies that assist RNs in managing data to support decision-making.

9. nursing informatics as a specialty
The core phenomena of nursing are:
the nurse
the patient
health
environment
NI is interested in these core phenomena, aside from data, knowledge, information, information structures and technologies.

10. models for nursing informatics
Graves and Corcoran – placed data, information, and knowledge in sequential boxes
Patricia Schwirian – provided a framework for identifying significant information needs, which in turn can foster research
Turley – the core components of informatics (cognitive science, information science and computer science) are depicted as intersecting circles

11. MANAGEMENT
GRAVES & CORCORAN’S MODEL
DATA
INFORMATION
KNOWLEDGE

12. SCHWIRIAN’S MODEL
GOAL
USERS
TECHNOLOGY
RAW MATERIALS

13. TURNER’S MODEL NURSING SCIENCE INFORMATION SCIENCE COGNITIVE SCIENCE
COMPUTER
SCIENCE
NURSING SCIENCE

14. data, information and knowledge
COMPLEXITY
INFORMATION
DATA
HUMAN INTELLECT

15. data, information, and knowledge
Data – discrete entities that are described objectively w/out interpretation
– include some value assigned to a variable
Information – reflects interpretation, organization or structuring of data
– result of processing of data (which occurs when raw facts are transformed through the application of context to give meaning)

16. data, information, and knowledge
Knowledge – emerges from the transformation of information
– information synthesized so that relationships are identified and formalized
The processing of information doesn’t always result in the development of knowledge. Further, knowledge is necessary to the processing of data and information. Knowledge itself may be processed to generate decisions and new knowledge.

17. Electronic health record
This is any information related to the past, present, and future physical/mental health, or condition of an individual. It resides in electronic systems used to capture, transmit, receive, store, retrieve, link, and manipulate multimedia data for the primary purpose of providing healthcare and health-related services. (ASTM)

18. Electronic health record
– encompasses the entire scope of health information in all media forms – primary source for information about a client; the place where client information is recorded or documented

19. TERMINOLOGY
DEFINITION
ANA RECOGNITION
NANDA-I
Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC)
Clinical Care Classification (CCC)
Omaha System
Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC)
conceptual system that guides classifications of nursing diagnoses
contains 514 nursing interventions
research-based nomenclature designed to standardize terminologies for documenting care in all settings
includes assessment, intervention and outcome components
has 330 research-based outcomes to provide standardization of expected outcomes
1992
1997

20. TERMINOLOGY
DEFINITION
ANA RECOGNITION
Nursing Management Minimum Data Set (NMMDS)
Patient Care Data Set (PCDS)
Perioperative Nursing Data Set (PNDS)
SNOMED CT
includes terms to describe the context and environment of nursing practice
includes codes for patient problems, therapeutic goals and patient care orders
provides a universal language for perioperative nursing practice and education and a framework to standardize documentation
a core clinical terminology containing over 357,000 healthcare concepts w/ unique meanings and formal logic-based definitions
1998
1999
1999, 2003

21. TERMINOLOGY
DEFINITION
ANA RECOGNITION
Nursing Minimum Data Set (NMDS)
International Classification for Nursing Practice (ICNP)
ABC Codes
Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes (LOINC)
contains 16 data elements divided into patient, service, and nursing care elements
combinatorial terminology for nursing practice including nursing diagnosis, actions and outcomes
provide a mechanism for coding integrative health interventions
database for standardized laboratory terms
1999
2000
2002