1. Mayan History Mesoamerican Civilizations 1

2. Explore Write down 5 things you know about the Mayan civilization. Write down 3 things you would like to know about the Mayan civilization.

3. MAYAN SOCIAL STRUCTURE 3

4. Social Structure KingsPriests / astrologers 4

5. Social Structure King Priests, nobility Commoners Artisans, shopkeepers, merchants Farmers and laborers Slaves, war captives 5

6. The King King is high priest. Expected to make annual pain and blood sacrifices to the gods on behalf of the people If the sacrifices are accepted the gods will bless the people. 6

7. Nobility The nobility were the aristocrats. Rulers of the city-states Priests Only the nobility went to school. – Reading, math, astronomy, etc... – The King was also the high priest. His blood was the ultimate sacrifice required in their religion. 7

8. Commoners The commoners did all the jobs that kept the civilization running smoothly. – Farmers, warriors, merchants, weavers, artists… They paid taxes to the ruler. – In goods – In work building roads, temples, etc.... – Lived in grass huts Buried their dead under the floor of their houses. 8

9. Slaves Captured in war – did menial labor Nobility were used as sacrifice victims because their deaths (blood) was more valuable than those who were peasants. 9

10. City-states Linked by roads Individual kings Made alliances through marriages Religious complexes at the center of each city. 10

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15. Prepared calendar that regulated agricultural activities Gathered folk tales and recorded historical events Served as members of the ruling class Which members of Mayan society were responsible for the tasks outlined above? A. priests B.soldiers C. farmers D. merchants 15

16. MAYAN BEAUTY STANDARDS 16

17. Discussion -What makes a person beautiful? -Do all cultures have the same standards for beauty? Why or why not? -Do religious beliefs play a role in what is considered beautiful?

18. Mayan Beauty Secrets The Mayan believed it was important to help a child develop lasting physical beauty traits. So starting in infancy parents would begin beauty treatments for their children. As adults, Mayans would continue the process, seeking out new ways to embellish their bodies. 18

19. Beauty Secrets Heavily based in religion – Ritualized deformity seen as beautiful. Crossed eyes Sun god They suspended a pearl between the child’s eyes to force them into being permanently cross eyed. 19

20. Beauty Secrets Heavily based in religion – Ritualized deformity seen as beautiful. Crossed eyes Elongated skulls Formed by placing the infant skull between 2 boards so the skull will elongate. 20

21. Beauty Secrets Heavily based in religion – Ritualized deformity seen as beautiful. Crossed eyes Elongated skulls Inlaid teeth Holes are drilled in the teeth and precious stones are then set in the holes. No anesthesia was used during the procedure. 21

22. Beauty Secrets Heavily based in religion – Ritualized deformity seen as beautiful. Crossed eyes Elongated skulls Inlaid teeth Filed teeth Teeth are filed into pleasing shapes. 22

23. Beauty Secrets Heavily based in religion – Ritualized deformity seen as beautiful. Crossed eyes Elongated skulls Inlaid teeth Filed teeth Piercings 23

24. Discussion What are the differences between Mayan beauty standards and our society’s? How are they the same?

25. Ancient MayaModern Society Beauty Standards

26. ASTRONOMY & RELIGION 26

27. Astronomy / Astrology Believed that time was divided up into eras. Their calendar has a specific start and end date. They believed that the stars influenced or controlled what happened in your life. 27

28. Astronomy / Astrology Believed that there were lucky and unlucky days. Spent a lot of time studying the stars to predict: – Eclipses – Start of seasons – New moon – This calendar ended on December 23, 2012 and a new calendar has since begun. 28

29. Religion Polytheism Worshipped nature gods – Sun, Moon – Wind, Rain – Corn – Jaguar – Lords of Death Sacrifices Blood and pain highest forms Ritual ceremonies of blood letting needed to keep the gods happy. Most important ceremonies involve human blood. Sun god 29

30. Customs & Beliefs Practiced human sacrifice as the ultimate form of blood offering to the gods. – War was not killing the enemies, but capturing them for sacrifices. – Monuments were used just for this sacrifice. 30

31. Customs & Beliefs Skull Racks commemorated the sacrifices 31

32. Customs & Beliefs Even sporting events ended in sacrifice. 32

33. Ball Game Reenactment of a myth involving twin brothers who fought and won against the Lords of Death. The winners were ritually sacrificed after the game. This ball game was invented by the Olmec. 33

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36. Customs & Beliefs Pain offerings were also accepted by the gods. Every year the king and his queen offered a public pain and blood sacrifice. 36

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38. Customs & Beliefs Without these sacrifices the Mayans would not prosper: Drought Famine War But even their gods could not stop the civilization from self- destructing. 38

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40. Which characteristic did Olmec and Mayan societies share? A. laws that made slavery illegal B. families dominated by women C. complex religious ceremonies D. government by direct democracy 40

41. The Olmec, Maya, and Aztec civilizations each developed: A. powerful seafaring traditions. B. monotheistic religions. C. democratic governments. D. complex religious rituals.

42. MATHEMATICS 42

43. 0 11 1 20 5 100 Reminder 445

44. Reminder 160,000 (20 4 ) 8,000 (20 3 ) 400 (20 2 ) 20 (20 1 ) 1 (20 0 ) 168,901

45. Addition 20 + 405 = 425 400’s 20’s 1’s

46. Addition 37 + 29

47. 8000's 400's 20's+= 1's 9449+10425=19874

48. Subtraction 425 – 20 = 405 400’s 1’s 20’s

49. Examples 10+10 45+59 100+63 400+184 1200+77 ?

50. Mayan Civilization Ends 950 A.D. Not even rivers of human blood could save the ecosystem. The Mayan civilization disappeared into the forest. 50