1. Kaskadische Nutzung von Biomasse in der Bioraffinerie – Wege aus der Erdöl- und Klimakrise Diethard Mattanovich 1, Michael Sauer 1, Stephan Böhmdorfer 2, Thomas Rosenau 2 1 Department für Biotechnologie 2 Department für Chemie BOKU

2. www.boku.ac.at/bioconversion.html 2 Product classes of chemical industry Products from petrochemistry Products from industrial biotechnology Industrial chemicals Polymers Agrochemicals Elastomers Oleochemicals Solvents Pharmaceuticals Paint Alcohols Amino acids Organic acids Vitamins Common feature of petro- and biochemicals: Carbon as backbone

3. www.boku.ac.at/bioconversion.html 3 Biorefinery – looking into (far) future Energy vs. “use as matter” (chemicals, materials, food, feed) Renewable resources Biorefineries Time Fossil resources Petrochemistry (Energy and chemicals) We need “CARBON” to produce materials and chemicals. We don’t necessarily need “CARBON” for energy production. Today

4. www.boku.ac.at/bioconversion.html 4 Similar flow charts facilitate transition

5. www.boku.ac.at/bioconversion.html 5 Products from White Biotechnology Organic acids –lactic acid: building block chemical, polymers –succinic acid: building block chemical –citric acid: food, detergents, industry Amino acids –Lysin: food, feed –Amino acid precursers: building block chemicals, polymers Alcohols –Ethanol: biofuels –Butanol: biofuels, solvents –Propanediol: building block chemical, polymers Produced from sugar Metabolic engineering = essential technology to direct the process from substrate to product

6. www.boku.ac.at/bioconversion.html 6 Biorefinery – food vs. energy / chemicals  Alternative raw materials do not compete with food and feed.  -1-6-bridge  -1-4-link  -1-4-link STARCH (Hemi)CELLULOSES

7. www.boku.ac.at/bioconversion.html 7 Example: lactic acid biomass sugar lactic acid biorefinery lactide Made from renewable recources Biologically degradable fermentation destillation polymerisation Polylactic acid (PLA)

8. www.boku.ac.at/bioconversion.html 8 Biorefinery – looking into (far) future General future developments Material / chemical utilization Energetic utilization Cascade utilization Direct (one-step) utilization Food / feed if possible Energy / chemicals from food-/feedstock Extensive breakdown of renewables „green-to-oil“ CO, H 2, CH 4, C 2 H 5 OH Better use of nature´s ingenuity in synthesis and material production

9. www.boku.ac.at/bioconversion.html 9