1. The Southern Colonies
Chapter 4, Section 3

2. For four year Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon surveyed the 244 miles boundary between Pennsylvania and Maryland
They laid stone markers between the two colonies creating the Mason Dixon Line
Divided the middle Colonies from the Southern Colonies

3. Lord Baltimore’s Maryland
Sir George Calvert planned to build a colony in Maryland where Catholics could practice their religion freely
When Calvert died, his son Cecil, Lord Baltimore finished the project

4. Settling the Colony
200 colonists found land that was rich and beautiful
Chesapeake Bay was full of fish oyster and crabs
Hoped to grow tobacco for profit like Virginia as already doing

5. Women set up plantations
Margaret and Mary Brent arrived in Maryland with nine servants and set up two plantations

6. Religious toleration
To ensure growth Lord Baltimore welcomed Protestants as well as Catholics
Act of Toleration: provide religious freedom for all Christians
This freedom did not extend to Jews

7. The Virginia Frontier
Many settlers had gone to Virginia, lured by the promise of profit from tobacco
Wealthy planters took the best land by the coast

8. Conflict over land led to fighting between settlers and Indians
After several bloody clashes, settlers called on the governor to take action
Governor refused
Unwilling because he profited from his own fur trade with the Indians
Settlers were furious

9. Bacon’s Rebellion
Nathan bacon organized men and women to raid Native American villages
Then led followers to Jamestown and burned the capital
Bacon died suddenly and the revolt fell apart
Governor hanged 23 of bacon’s followers

10. The Carolinas; The settlers
To the north settlers were poor tobacco farmers who had drifted south of Virginia
Farther south eight English nobles set up a larger colony
Received a land grant from King Charles II
Largest settlement was Charles Town later shortened to Charleston

11. Carolina rice
Few planters discovered that rice grew well in the lowlands along the coast
Carolina rice became a valuable crop traded around the world
Planters need large numbers of workers to grow rice
Tried to enslave local Indians
Many died of disease or took off into the forest
Planters then turned to African slaves

12. Carolina rice Northern area of the Carolinas had fewer slaves
The difference led to the division of the colony into North and South Carolina

13. Georgia: A Haven for Debtors
The last of England’s 13 colonies was carved out of the southern part of South Carolina
James Oglethorpe founded Georgia
Wanted Georgia to a place where people jailed for debt in England could make a new start

14. Early years
Oglethorpe and 120 colonists built the colony’s first settlement in Savannah
Set strict rules
Farms no bigger than 50 acres
Slaves were forbidden
Colony grew slowly
Oglethorpe changes rules allowing large plantations and slaves
Colony grew more quickly

15. Spain and Indian neighbors
Spain and England both claimed land between South Carolina and Florida
Spain aided by Creek Indians tried to force the English out
Mary Musgrove, daughter of a Creek mother and an English father, spoke both Creek and English
Helped to keep peace between the creeks and settlers of Georgia

16. Plantation Life
Enjoyed warmers weather and a longer growing season than the colonies to the north
Virginia, Maryland, and parts of North Carolina grew tobacco
South Carolina and Georgia grew rice

17. Plantation Life
Colonist found that it was most profitable to raise tobacco and rice on large plantations
20 to 100 slaves did most if the work

18. Location
Tidewater: area of low land among rivers and creek washed by ocean tides offered rich farmland for plantations

19. Planters set the style
Only a small percentage of white southerners owned plantations
Life centered around the Great House, where the planter and his family lived

20. The Backcountry
At the base of the Appalachian Mountains thick forests covered the land
Settlers took the Great Wagon Road
Backcountry was more democratic
Treated one another as equals
Men worked in tobacco or corn field
Women cooked meals and made simple clothing
Life was not easy
Families helped one another

21. Growth of Slavery
By 1700 plantations on the Southern Colonies relied ion slave labor
Colonist passed slave codes: set out rules for slaves behaviors and denied slaves basic rights
Slaves were seen not as human but property

22. Attitudes toward slaves
Racism: the belief that one race is superior to another
Some colonist claimed they were helping slaves by introducing them to Christianity
Quakers in Germantown, Pennsylvania were the first group of colonist to call for end to slavery

23. The Slave Trade
European slave traders set up post along the African coast
Offered guns and other goods to African rulers who brought them slaves
Loaded captives aboard Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch, English, and French ships headed to the Americas

24. The Slave Trade Middle Passage: trip from Africa to the Americas
Crammed into small spaces below deck
Once or twice a day the crew allowed captives up on deck for exercise
Some Africans fought for their freedom
Some refused to eat
Some committed suicide; jumping over board
10% of all African shipped to North America did not survive the Middle Passage