1. Services For Adults With Autism Brian McClean Brothers Of Charity Roscommon

2. What is it about the classroom that prepares us for life?

3. What’s important ? I’ll say it in the most straight-forward way I can: most of the people supported by our human services organisations are lonely. Profoundly lonely. And most of what we do in human services is secondary to helping people form and maintain meaningful relationships.

4. There. I’ve said it. The cat is out of the bag. I don’t think our industry —and that’s what it is, an industry — is paying enough attention to the impact of loneliness in the lives of people who experience disabilities.

5. I’ll go further. I think most (though not all) of our paperwork, rules, regulations, professional standards, buildings, cell phones, pagers, computer systems, medicines, expertise, science — most (not all) of it is a waste of time and resources. Most (not all) is a physical manifestation of our inability to come to grips with the central issue in peoples’ lives — loneliness. David Pitonyak, Toolbox for Change

6. Social Role Valorisation Raise consciousness Challenge perceptions Provide valued social roles Promote social inclusion Wolf Wolfensburger 1934 - 2011

7. Challenging Behaviour Is Not The Problem......But A Symptom Of The Problem

8. FIVE STEPS IN BEHAVIOUR SUPPORT Low Arousal Rapport Building Predictability Communication Incentives Aidan Brendan Cormac Darragh Number of Incidents ABB+CB+C B+C+D+E B+C+D+E B+C+DB+C+D B+C+D+E+F B+C+D+E+F A = Baseline B = Low Arousal C = Rapport Building D = Visual Sequencing E = Escape Communication Training F = Differential Reinforcement Weeks An Evaluation of an Intervention Sequence Outline in Positive Behaviour Support for People with Autism and Severe Escape-Motivated Challenging Behaviour McClean and Grey, 2012 Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities

9. A Sense Of Home Shelter Hearth Heart Privacy Identity Abode Paradise

10. Looking for a change (n = 46)

11. Vision based planning Every person should have a vision statement of what is Important to him or her… Important for him or her… And a circle of support able to speak from a position of love and concern

12. The life of my choosing (n = 46)

13. Supported Living Options Supported living Remote supervision Professional family share House mate Adjacent housing

14. “Dublin in the ‘70s”, by John Caslin “The Job Coach”, Athlone 2005 by John Caslin John, drawing in his own home John’s Organic Garden project. This is an urban garden managed by a member of the local community, which gives employment to five people. The project was established by John and Gerry around their common love of gardening. St Brendan’s Hospital, Grangegorman John at Home John’s Organic Garden

15. People in family homes or supported living experienced better outcomes: better health and well being greater levels of safety better personal satisfaction more use of community facilities, more friends, greater autonomy even when you control for levels of independence 1. Group Homes Don’t Work

16. The Cost of Person Centredness Additional cost of vision over Jan 2009 service: €4,654 per person (n = 46) Exclude four people needing new high support services: - €1,158 per person (n = 42) 2. Know Your Individual Costs

17. Individual Costing Shared byMonthly Hours Annual Costs Day Service 440 €12,480 Residential 355 €17,875 Sunday 310 €6,370 Outreach 30 0 Sleepovers 38 €5,200 Total €41,925 Number of Days in a 28 Period Actual Number of Hours per Period Number of Staff per Period Total Staff Hours Number of People Sharing Staff Allocation Individual Hours Cost per hour for support type Annual = 13 Periods of 28 Days January 2009 – Small group homeMarch 2010 – Supported living Shared byMonthly Hours Annual Costs Day Service 3 53 €16,536 Residential 1 5 €1,625 Sunday 1 0 0 Outreach 2 20 €6,240 Sleepovers 0 0 0 Total €24,401

18. 3. Not All Services Are Effective Mover (N = 20) Mean Non Mover (N = 22) Mean Fdf1df2Sig Adaptive Behaviour Scales – Support Needs 132.594.021.6140.000 Autonomy 9.65.210.5140.002 Mental Health (HONOS) 8.515.510.1140.003 Adaptive Behaviour Scales – Challenging Behaviour 44.638.34.8140.034 Year of Birth 197319701.0140N.S. Acceptability of the Vision Statement 57.753.57.7140.008 Working Alliance Inventory 66.658.526.4140.000 Acceptance of Risk -Taking 15.213.35.5140.024 Additional Cost Of Vision (€56)€10,8133.6140N.S. Empowerment Instrument 95.592.42.8140N.S. Role Clarity 87.185.50.4140N.S. Standards 21.420.22.5140N.S. Structure 31.229.04.9140N.S. Conflict 13.512.72.4140N.S. Responsibility 25.624.90.6140N.S. Warmth 19.418.51.4140N.S. Ability to express 3.84.20.1140N.S.

19. 79% of the variance is explained Variable Entered into the Equation-2 Log likelihood Cox & Snell R 2 Nagelkerke R 2 Adaptive Behaviour Scales – Support Needs39.33.361.48 Working Alliance Inventory20.28.594.79

20. 4. Form A Working Alliance The extent to which frontline staff and family members –agree about the goals –share a mutual respect and trust –have a common appreciation of the person

21. The heart of the matter “In the work of change there may be an assumption by the helper that the individual will... adapt to the helper’s idea of overall objectives, goals and tasks. The working alliance is much more dynamic and mutual, in which there is ongoing dialogue, checking and negotiation about objectives, goals and tasks.

22. The heart of the matter This is not just a superficial understanding and negotiation towards a quick consensus. At a deeper level, the working alliance taps into fundamental dilemmas of human existence, such as the negotiation of one’s most important desires with those of another;...the tension between the need for self – determination and relationship.’’ (Safran & Muran, 2000)