1. CHAPTER 8B REVIEW

2. ESSAY #1 MITOSIS a. 2n to 2n (diploid to diploid)
b. forms cells identical to parent cell
MEIOSIS
a. 2n to n
(diploid to haploid)
b. forms cells different from parent cell

3. ESSAY #1 (cont.) MITOSIS c. 1 divison d. forms 2 daughter cells
e. makes somatic cells
MEIOSIS
c. 2 divisions
d. forms 4 daughter cells
e. makes sex cells

4. ESSAY #2
HOW IS A KARYOTYPE MADE?
A. Blood is separated with a centrifuge (fluid plasma on top and cells on bottom)
B. A hypotonic solution is added to break the cell membrane of the RBC

5. C. White blood cells are used
D. Cells stopped in metaphase with colchicine
E. Arranged by size, shape, bars matching

6. ESSAY #3 Each of the disorders is a 5 point essay: DOWN SYNDROME-
1. round face
2. small teeth
3. flat bridge on nose
4. mentally challenged
5. susceptible to respiratory problems, Alzheimers
Trisomy 21
Short stature

7. ESSAY #3 KLINEFELTER’S SYNDROME (do 5) A. small testes
B. infertile (cannot bear children)
C. breast development
D. rounded hips
E. XXY (you may only use one of the chromosome letters)
F. poor beard growth

8. ESSAY #3 TURNER SYNDROME A. small ovaries
B. infertile (cannot bear children)
C. web of skin between head and shoulders
D. poor breast development
E. XO
F. short stature

9. 1. Somatic or Sex Cell?
Skin
Somatic
Sperm
Sex
Blood
Egg
sex

10. 2. Difference between… Sex chromosomes and autosomes?
ANSWER: Sex chromosomes are X and Y (usually #23)
Autosomes are rest of chromosomes, in human karyotype #1-22

11. 3. What is the difference…
Between diploid and haploid (and symbols)?
ANSWER:Diploid is 2n with 2 sets of chromosomes in a cell
Haploid is n with one set of chromosmes in a cell

12. #4 What are homologous chromosomes?
ANSWER: two sister chromatids from the father and two sister
chromatids from the
mother with the same
inherited characteristics

13. What is the diploid and the haploid number for humans?#5
What is the diploid and the haploid number for humans?
ANSWER: diploid – 2n = 46
haploid – n = 23

14. #6 Karyotypes: Which is it?
Klinefelter’s
Turner’s
Normal Male
Normal Female
Due to XX

15. Skin cell Diploid Gamete Somatic cell ANSWER: gamete
Which does not belong?
Skin cell
Diploid
Gamete
Somatic cell
ANSWER: gamete

16. Which does not belong? 2N
Haploid
Gamete
Sperm
Egg
ANSWER: 2N

17. 6. Which is not a male?
XXY XY XO
XXXY
Which is the normal male?
XO is not a male and XY is the normal male

18. 7. Which phase lasts the longest?
Prophase I
Metaphase I
Prophase II
Metaphase II
Prophase I (Think!! a lot goes on here)

19. Meiosis or Mitosis? Makes cells that are haploid? Meiosis
Makes cells that are diploid?
Mitosis
Makes sex cells
meiosis

20. What is the difference between
A gamete and a zygote?
A gamete is a sex cell (like egg and sperm) and a zygote if a fertilized egg (the joining of egg and sperm)

21. 8. And 10.How are they related?
Tetrad and synapsis
Tetrad are 4 homologous chromosomes and synapsis is the joining of these 4 to form a tetrad

22. 8. In what phase… Does synapsis (joining of tetrads) form? Prophase I
Prophase II
Metaphase I
Metaphase II
ANSWER: Prophase 1

23. 9. Crossover When does it occur? During prophase I
Between which two chromosomes does it occur?
Inner two of a tetrad
What is the site where it occurs?
chiasma

24. 11. What is a chiasma? A B C

25. 11. CHIASMA ANSWER
Point where crossing over occurs between two inner chromosomes

26. 12.Hair color
Is a gene on a chromosome. The variations of it, such as brown, red, or black would be known as _________.
Alleles are the choices of a gene

27. 13. + 23. How many possible combinations?
What is the formula? 2n
What does n stand for?
Haploid number
How many combos if n = 2? 4

28. 13. (cont.) How many possible combinations?
How many combos if n = 3?
8 = (2 x 2 x 2)
How many combos if n = 23?
About 8 million

29. 14. Karyotypes: Which is it?
Klinefelter’s
Turner’s
Normal Male
Normal Female
ANSWER: Turner’s

30. 14. Karyotypes: Which is it?
Klinefelter’s
Turner’s
Normal Male
Normal Female
ANSWER: Normal Male

31. 14. Karyotypes: Which is it?
Klinefelter’s
Turner’s
Normal Male
Normal Female
ANSWER: Klinefelter’s

32. Name the disorder: XO Turner’s syndrome XXXY Klinefelter’s syndrome
Trisomy 21
Down Syndrome

33. 15.What type of mutation? Duplication Insertion Deletion Translocation
Inversion

34. 15. What type of mutation?
Insertion
Deletion
Translocation
Inversion

35. 15. What type of mutation?
Insertion
Deletion
Translocation
Inversion

36. 15. What type of mutation?
Insertion
Deletion
Translocation
Inversion

37. Just Checking: What is this showing?
Crossing over
It occurs during what phase?
Prophase I

38. 16. What is CML?
A cancer caused by the translocation of chromosome _________ and ________.
9 and 22

39. In case you wondered…CML
Also called: The Philadelphia Chromosome (Ph1)
Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia

40. 17. If the testicle cell has
50 chromosomes, how many chromosomes does the sperm have?
ANSWER: 25

41. 18. What are the chances?
That a female with Down Syndrome will have a child with Down Syndrome? 100% % % % 0%
ANSWER: 50%

42. Give the missing info If the Diploid Number is… 46 18 72
Then the Hapoid Number is… 23 9 36

43. 19. Which part of Meiosis… Is like mitosis (except it has two cells)?
Meiosis II
ANSWER: Meiosis II

44. 21. Who determines… The sex of the offspring? Father or mother FATHER
WHY?
If he donates an X = child is girl (XX)
If he donates a Y = child is a boy (XY)
Mother only can donate an X

45. 22. Define: Karyotype: A. diagram of meiosis
B. An orderly display of magnified images of the individual chromosomes
C. chromosomes as they appear in Prophase I
ANSWER: B

46. 23. Define… Nondisjunction: A. switching of parts of two chromosomes
B. inversion of two parts of a chromosome
C. members of chromosome pairs fail to separate
D. You Diss Yo Homey
ANSWER: C

47. What are the two gametes of humans?
A. egg and sperm
B. X and Y
C. ovaries and testes
D. Klinefelter’s and Turner’s
ANSWER: A

48. In which phase of Meiosis?
Do the tetrads form?
Prophase I
Are 4 haploid cells formed?
Telophase II

49. Which phase of Meiosis?
Do you know?
How many cells?
Is it Meiosis I or II?
PROPHASE II

50. Which phase of meiosis? Where are the centrioles?
Where are the tetrads?
Metaphase I

51. Which phase of meiosis?
How many cells? Haploid or diploid?
Telophase II

52. Which phase of meiosis? How many cells? Where are the chromatids?
Metaphase II

53. Which phase of meiosis? Where are the chromatids? Meiosis I or II?
Anaphase I

54. Which phase of meiosis?
Where are the chromosomes going? How many cells?
Anaphase II

55. Which phase of meiosis? How many cells? Nuclear Membrane?
Where are the centrioles?
Prophase II

56. At the end of meiosis? 4 haploid At the end of mitosis? 2 diploid
How many cells form?
At the end of meiosis?
4 haploid
At the end of mitosis?
2 diploid

57. Mitosis or Meiosis?
Has 1 division
Mitosis
Has 2 divisions
Meiosis

58. Makes similar, but not identical cells? Meiosis
Mitosis or Meiosis?
Makes identical cells?
Mitosis
Makes similar, but not identical cells?
Meiosis

59. Mitosis or Meiosis?
Which makes sex cells?
Meiosis
Which makes somatic cells?
Mitosis

60. Match the disorder A. Turner’s syndrome B. Klinefelter’s syndrome
Round face, small teeth, flattened nose, sluggish muscles, Trisomy 21
Sterile, breast enlargement, small testicles, XXY
Short, sterile, underdeveloped breasts, XO
A. Turner’s syndrome
B. Klinefelter’s syndrome
C. Down Syndrome

61. Making a karyotype? Stop cells in what phase? Metaphase
With what chemical?
Colchicine
Use what type of cells?
White Blood Cells