1. Patrick Bebie 7A Libby Coughlin 7A Charlie Giganti 7A What do you think coal is?

2. WHAT IS COAL?  Definition- coal is solid brittle carbonaceous black sedimentary rock that burns and is used for produces electricity and heating homes.  It is renewed through burning it into a new type of energy  Uses  Burned to produce electricity  Power trains  Heat and power homes  Synthetic natural gas production  Fertilizer products production  Definition- coal is solid brittle carbonaceous black sedimentary rock that burns and is used for produces electricity and heating homes.  It is renewed through burning it into a new type of energy  Uses  Burned to produce electricity  Power trains  Heat and power homes  Synthetic natural gas production  Fertilizer products production

3. CLASSES OF COAL ① Lignite ② Subbituminous ③ Bituminous ④ Anthracite ① Lignite ② Subbituminous ③ Bituminous ④ Anthracite

5. SUB-BITUMINOUS  AKA- black lignite  42%-52% carbon  8,200-11,200 btu/lb  Used in country such as the U.S and Russia.  Formation dates back 251million years ago.  AKA- black lignite  42%-52% carbon  8,200-11,200 btu/lb  Used in country such as the U.S and Russia.  Formation dates back 251million years ago.

6. BITUMINOUS  AKA- soft coal  Most abundant form of coal.  Burning this coal causes air pollution  when it releases high sulfur content, this causes acid rain.  Acid rain is rain that has high content of sulfuric acid.  80% carbon  Divided into high-volatile, low-volatile and medium-volatile -volatile- easliy evaporated at normal temperature  AKA- soft coal  Most abundant form of coal.  Burning this coal causes air pollution  when it releases high sulfur content, this causes acid rain.  Acid rain is rain that has high content of sulfuric acid.  80% carbon  Divided into high-volatile, low-volatile and medium-volatile -volatile- easliy evaporated at normal temperature

7. ANTHRACITE  This is the hardest coal.  Gives off an amazing amount of heat when burned  Has very low abundance in the world.  90% carbon  Most commonly found in Pennsylvania.  Oldest coal.  This is the hardest coal. GGives off an amazing amount of heat when burned HHas very low abundance in the world. 990% carbon MMost commonly found in Pennsylvania. OOldest coal.

8. COAL MINING  Mining methods are either mined from the surface or underground.  Miners mine underground in coal shafts, machines crank coal to the surface.  Surface mining  Mined about 200 ft. from the surface.  Two types: mountain top removal and contour mining.  Machines are used to mine in both types. MMining methods are either mined from the surface or underground. MMiners mine underground in coal shafts, machines crank coal to the surface. SSurface mining MMined about 200 ft. from the surface. TTwo types: mountain top removal and contour mining. MMachines are used to mine in both types. How Do They Do It?- Coal #7FCBA

9. ADVANTAGES OF COAL  Most abundant source of energy.  Most inexpensive compared to other fossil fuels.  Burning coal creates useful by-products used in other industries  Electricity from coal energy is reliable.  Coal is not based on many variables such as weather, therefore, it is more reliable than alternative energy sources such as solar and wind energy.  Coal is safely stored so it’s able to be obtained and used during an energy crisis, such as a huge mine explosion.  Most abundant source of energy.  Most inexpensive compared to other fossil fuels.  Burning coal creates useful by-products used in other industries  Electricity from coal energy is reliable.  Coal is not based on many variables such as weather, therefore, it is more reliable than alternative energy sources such as solar and wind energy.  Coal is safely stored so it’s able to be obtained and used during an energy crisis, such as a huge mine explosion.

10.  To mine, mines must be created to get the most used energy source used to warm homes  Transporting coal uses automobiles and locomotives which causes the release of greenhouse gases  Since coal is non- renewable we will eventually run out of it. Therefore our government pays millions of dollars to find an alternative energy source  When coal is burned it releases the most greenhouse gases out of any other energy source  Burning coal is a huge concern due to the levels of arsenic and carbon monoxide. Therefore it can poison water supply or poison animals and humans.  Mining results in nature being destroyed and fatalities.  To mine, mines must be created to get the most used energy source used to warm homes  Transporting coal uses automobiles and locomotives which causes the release of greenhouse gases  Since coal is non- renewable we will eventually run out of it. Therefore our government pays millions of dollars to find an alternative energy source  When coal is burned it releases the most greenhouse gases out of any other energy source  Burning coal is a huge concern due to the levels of arsenic and carbon monoxide. Therefore it can poison water supply or poison animals and humans.  Mining results in nature being destroyed and fatalities.

11. BY-PRODUCTS OF COAL  Chemical by Products of coal consist of baking soda, laughing gas, and fertilizers.  The Gas from coal consists of sulfur, particle found in paint, and street lightning  The coke from coal consist of fuel, carbon dioxide, sugar substitutes, and gasoline products  Coal Tar by products consist of paint thinners, roofing, wood preservatives, and paving  Chemical by Products of coal consist of baking soda, laughing gas, and fertilizers.  The Gas from coal consists of sulfur, particle found in paint, and street lightning  The coke from coal consist of fuel, carbon dioxide, sugar substitutes, and gasoline products  Coal Tar by products consist of paint thinners, roofing, wood preservatives, and paving

12. COAL AROUND AMERICA  Coal is found in the U.S. in the Midwest, southwest, and the Appellation States.  There is more than 1. 07 billion coal mined in the U.S.  Coal is used to produce 54% of our electricity s  Coal is found in the U.S. in the Midwest, southwest, and the Appellation States.  There is more than 1. 07 billion coal mined in the U.S.  Coal is used to produce 54% of our electricity s

13. FUN FACTS  If anthracite is left in the ground and is heated and pressurized it will eventually turn into a diamond.  Coal was formed 300 million years ago.  Coal has been used since 1,100 B.C. in China.  Coal is mined in 100 countries.  If anthracite is left in the ground and is heated and pressurized it will eventually turn into a diamond.  Coal was formed 300 million years ago.  Coal has been used since 1,100 B.C. in China.  Coal is mined in 100 countries.

14. BIBLIOGRAPHY "Fossil-fuels.co.uk." Fossil-fuels.co.uk. Web. 09 Mar. 2012.. "How Do They Do It?: Coal Mining." The Science Channel. Web. 09 Mar. 2012.. Www.geotech.com. Experts from Rocktalk, 5 Nov. 2005. Web. 29 Feb.. Peckham, Alexander. Resources Control. New York: Gloucester, 1990. Print. Rau, Dana Meachen. Alternative Energy: Beyond Fossil Fuels. Mankato, MN: Compass Point, 2010. Print. Orme, Helen. Energy for the Future. New York, NY: Bearport Pub., 2008. Print.