1. Investigation 1: Rubbings
Ideas and Inventions
Investigation 1: Rubbings

2. Rubbings
How can rubbings help you learn more about an object’s surface?

3. Investigation 1: Rubbings
What is texture?
Texture is caused by the surface features on an object- how far parts of the surface extend up or down from the surface, and how the features are organized

4. Investigation 1: Rubbings
You Try! Use a pencil or a crayon and a coin-- Try it both ways!
The technique that you used to reveal features on coins is called rubbing. Rubbing often shows textures on an object that are hard or impossible to see in any other way. What you see is a pattern, or design, from the object being rubbed. A pattern is not a texture but a representation, or a picture, of a texture

5. Investigation 1: Rubbings
Technique is a way of doing something, a method or procedure.
Texture is the surface features of a material or object. Texture can often be felt, but fine texture is revealed visually
A pattern is a design, how something is arranged

6. Investigation 1: Rubbings
What features of the penny can you see by rubbing?
Which tool, the crayon or the pencil, do you think is better for making the rubbing of the coin and why?
How did you rub the coin? What technique did you use?
How does your rubbing style make a difference in the pattern that you made?
What happened to the pattern if the coin moved as you were rubbing?

7. Investigation 1: Rubbings
Make MORE Rubbings!!!
Use objects in the bag and around the room to fill your sheet with rubbing samples
Which materials made the most interesting rubbings?
What can you see now that was hard to see when you looked at the material directly?

8. Investigation 1: Rubbings
How can rubbings help you learn more about an object’s surface?
Rubbings enhance textures and patterns that are not readily visible.

9. INVESTIGATION 2 What might be revealed if we made rubbings of leaves?
In your groups share each bag of leaves and carefully make a rubbing of each leaf.
Remember we practiced rubbings last week

10. Can the leaf rubbings be grouped by similar venation patterns?
Parallel leaves have veins that look like many straight lines running in the same direction.
Palmate leaves have several main veins that all start from one point near the base.
Pinnate leaves have one main vein with many large veins that branch off sideways.

11. Can you name the venation patterns on these leaves?

12. WORD BANK The flat part of the leave is called the leaf blade
The raised lines on the leaf are the veins
The design of the leaf blades is the venation pattern

13. How can the rubbing technique help us learn more about leaves?
Rubbings make leaf characteristics such as venation easy to see. These characteristics can be used to group leaves

14. INVESTIGATION 2 CARBON PRINTING Run your finger over your hand
How does it feels?
Today we are going to use a new technique called carbon printing to look for patterns on finely textured objects
Carbon printing lets us see otherwise invisible patterns

15. Fingerprints Turn to your partner and describe your finger print
What do you see?
Are any of your prints and your partners prints the same?
Scientists have discovered there are three patterns of fingerprints: whorl, arch and loop

16. Finger print patterns
Whorl fingerprints are lines that go in circles and all lines come back to the place where they started
Arch fingerprints are lines that start on one side of the print and rise, fall and exit on the other side of the print
Loop fingerprints are lines that start on one side of the print, rise and then turn around and exit on the same side of the print

17. Can you name these fingerprints?

18. HOW CAN THE CARBON PRINTING TEACHNIQUE HELP US LEARN MORE ABOUT FINGERPRINTS?

19. HOW CAN THE CARBON PRINTING TEACHNIQUE HELP US LEARN MORE ABOUT FINGERPRINTS?
The carbon printing technique reveals the textured pattern of our fingerprints

20. Investigation 3: Color writing
Students will demonstrate how to use chromatography to revel pigments in water color inks

21. Part one
In your group use a purple pen to write a word on your strip of paper
Use a paperclip and allow the tip of the paper strip to touch the water
Leave this for three minutes
Discuss with your group what happened!

22. Chromatography
The color in the ink is called pigment
The process by which pigments are made to move using paper and water is chromatography

23. CHROMATOGRAPHY
Chromatography is a technique that allows us to see things that we normally cannot see.
What can you see that you couldn’t see before?
What color worked the best and why?
Chromatography reveals the hidden pigments in watercolor pens

24. Investigation 4: REFLECTING
Students will use mirrors to see things in and about the common environment that are not easily seen

25. Mirrors Where do you find mirrors and what are they used for?
What type of materials act like mirrors?

26. Mirror Images Light reflects or bounces of a mirror
What you see in the mirror is a mirror image and is a representation of a real object
Mirror images look real but are not
Mirrors can change the appearance of objects and pictures

27. Mirrors and symmetry
Mirrors are excellent at helping find lines of symmetry
If a mirror is place on an object and the object looks exactly the same, the mirror is on a line of symmetry

28. REFLECTING
An Image is a representation or likeness of an object; It looks real but is not
A mirror image is an image produced by a mirror
Mirror images are the result of reflection of light, light bounces of a smooth surface to form a mirror image
Light travels in a straight line