1. INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEMS & RADIATION EFFECTS J.P. Saraiva (CERN R2E Project) October 14, 2014 R2E & Availability Workshop

2. OBJECTIVES GOAL : Combine Infrastructure Related Information from Several Experts -> LHC + Injector Chain; RADIATION ENVIRONMENTS : -> IR3/7 will be treated in Session-3 (Thursday) -> Equipment in REs, more details in G. Spiezia talk -> Other Areas of Concern: - Radiation Levels Today and in the Future (F. Cerutti); - Experience from the Injector Chain (J. Saraiva). AT THE END : Do we miss out on anything related to infrastructure? All the future requirements were taken into account?

3. OUTLINE 1. Lighting & Power [EN-EL, James Devine,…] 2. Cooling Ventilation [EN-CV, Helmut Jena,…] 3. Safety Alarm System & Detection System [GE-ASE, Silvia Grau,…] 4. Mobile/Radio Services, Network & Wifi, Indoor Localization System [IT-CS, Frederic Chapron,…]

4. ELECTRONICS TO BE CONSIDERED FOR RADIATION EFFECTS EL SCADA (RTU + RIO) Electrical Supervision 48V DC Electrical Systems [LHC (RE)] UPS Systems [LHC (RE)] Systems to be replaced: Emergency Lighting System (SOX lights) Electronic Circuit Breakers (Vigirex 99M 30mA) [SPS] Autonomous Emergency Lights [nTOF] Lighting & Power [EN-EL] Tested Systems (CNGS or similar) [LHC (RE)]

5. Standard Fluorescent lighting & ferromagnetic ballasts [CERN Accelerator Complex] (end-of-life for the technology)  Replacement by a radiation resistant alternative: Current state of the art alternatives are based on SMPS technology (poor radiation performance). Emergency SOX Lights:  To be replaced by the new LED lighting luminaires: - Gamma irradiation test (100 kGy): reduction to 40% of the nominal flux. - Displacement Damage test possibly more severe. FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS & MOTIVATIONS Lighting & Power [EN-EL]

6. Mercury Halide Lamps: [Halls & Experimental Caverns] (Manufacture restricted for environmental reasons + end-of-life for the technology)  To be replaced by high power LED panels, supplied by SMPS to be installed in shielded locations. Further irradiation testing of these items is a priority. UPS Systems: [LHC (RE)]  Upgraded during the LS1 to increase reliability and resilience to SEU FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS & MOTIVATIONS Lighting & Power [EN-EL]

7. Emergency Lighting 110V Surface Systems: [SPS] (End of life) (P.Supplies on surface + Incandescent lights every ~40m around the SPS)  To be replaced -> Requires intervention in radioactive areas Electronic Circuit Breakers (Vigirex 99M 30mA) [SPS] (Plastic parts destroyed (fracture of mechanical parts))  To be replaced with non-electronic equivalent, ideally re-located away from highly radioactive areas Autonomous Emergency Lights (Aprotec, 8W) [nTOF] (Failing in some areas)  Replacement with centrally supplied LEDs Lighting & Power [EN-EL] FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS & MOTIVATIONS Priority activities

8. Cooling Ventilation [EN-CV] Temperature, Humidity & Pressure Sensors not affected by radiation. Sensors wired through long distances to the transmitters: Temperature PT100 Sensors Radiation Hard Humidity Sensors Pressure Sensors Transmitters Control Cubicle in Safe Areas Radiation Areas 70 m ELECTRONICS TO BE CONSIDERED FOR RADIATION EFFECTS

9. Cooling Ventilation [EN-CV] Design of the latest ventilation/cooling systems takes R2E aspects into consideration: - Hard wiring (detector -> transmitter, in safe zone); - Safe locations; - Non-sensible actuators; - Maximum reduction of equipment… Lots of efforts taken to shield and relocate equipment during the LS1: No failures expected thanks to LS1 mitigation measures of controls FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS & MOTIVATIONS

10. CERN Safety Alarm Monitoring (CSAM) [GS-ASE] [Alarms-of-level 3  Transmission of alarms to fire brigade] PLCs and SCADA network located at the surface. [Oxygen Deficiency Hazard (ODH) monitoring system and gas detection, fire detection, red telephones, emergency evacuation, accesses (PAD, MAD)] Detectors: suffer from Dose Effects, e.g. ODH detectors changed more and less each 4 years -> Dose lifetime to be checked (no problems of SEE -> electronics already relocated to the US/RE) Centrals: (Control & Indicating Equipment, PLC-types connected to the detectors) [LHC(US15, USA15, UW25, UA27, UJ33, US45, USC55, US65, TZ76, UX85a, US85a, UA87)] ELECTRONICS TO BE CONSIDERED FOR RADIATION EFFECTS Detection System [GS-ASE] ALL SAFE

11. Detection System [GS-ASE] Fire and Gas Detection Centrals  Relocated during the LS1 from UJ76 to TZ76. Fire detectors moved from the RR to the UL55, TZ76 and US15. Racks: [LHC (UJ23, UJ87)]  To be defined what to be relocated and when depending on the radiation levels and the respective evolution. Number of ODH detectors should increase during next runs. Flashing lights (gyrophares) may be replaced in the future by a LED based system to increase luminosity. FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS & MOTIVATIONS

12. Network & Wi-Fi Points [IT-CS] ELECTRONICS TO BE CONSIDERED FOR RADIATION EFFECTS Network switches and Wi-Fi access points [LHC (RE, UL, UX, UA)] UTP cables from the network switch to the end-user equipment Network switches not exposed to radiation in the Injectors (UTP cables might be affected) Most exposed equipment were relocated during the LS1 in better locations  No new developments planned until the next 5 years FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS & MOTIVATIONS

13. Mobile/Radio Services [IT-CS] ELECTRONICS TO BE CONSIDERED FOR RADIATION EFFECTS 2G/3G Transmitters deployed in all REs (and SD buildings) Leaky Feeder Cables (connected to the transmitters, to allow mobile radio signal propagation all around the LHC tunnel) -> Get degraded when exposed to radiation [LHC+Injectors] To provide 4G services in the LHC, during the LS2:  16 4G transmitters to be installed in the REs  Replacement of the current leaky feeder infrastructure and deploy a second one in // to allow higher data throughput with 4G/5G FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS & MOTIVATIONS

14. Indoor Localization System [IT-CS] ELECTRONICS TO BE CONSIDERED FOR RADIATION EFFECTS (TETRA transmitters only deployed in SD buildings) RF beacons (powered with 4 AA Lithium 3.6V batteries): -> Exposed & affected by radiation: life-time dose limit around few hundred Gys: - Reliable enough to be deployed in the LHC tunnel (all beacons will be replaced every 5 years (in “LHC conditions”)) - Life-time strongly affected in the Injector Chain (high radiation levels) A more radiation tolerant beacon needs to be developed -> 20% of the total # of beacons tested stopped working due to a problem of battery (CNRAD tests performed at the end of 2012) Fraunhofer test campaign will be scheduled for the batteries

15. QUESTIONS Inventory: - Anything missing related to infrastructure? Development: - All the future requirements were taken into account?

16. THANKS TO ALL WHO HAVE CONTRIBUTED!! EN – CV / EL, GS – ASE, IT – CS.