1. Who were the Jews? Who were the Jews? What’s the main difference between a Jew and a Christian? What’s the main difference between a Jew and a Christian? In this chapter, we’re talking about the development and growth of Christianity as an ORGANIZED RELIGION. In this chapter, we’re talking about the development and growth of Christianity as an ORGANIZED RELIGION.

2.  1.David and Solomon united the Israelites and created Israel. Israel’s capital was Jerusalem. 2.Israel was divided into two kingdoms: Israel and Judah. These small kingdoms fell and were taken over by neighbors. Israel was destroyed and its people scattered. The Jews, the people of Judah, survived and spread their religion. 3.Emperor Augustus (ROME) turned Judah into a Roman province called Judaea in CE 6. ( What does CE mean? What does it tell you that the year is CE 6?) 4.Zealots were Jews who believed they should rebel and take back their kingdom by force in CE 66. They lost and the Romans destroyed their temple and killed thousands of Jews. 5.The Jews rebelled again in CE 132 and again lost-the Romans forced the Jews to leave Jerusalem and banned them from ever returning. 6.The Jews believed a messiah would be sent to restore their kingdom. Jews are still waiting for this messiah. The Jews

3.  1.Jesus was from Nazareth. He left his home and traveled throughout Judea and Galilee (the region just north of Judaea) preaching his ideas. He believed in love and forgiveness, not just following religious laws. 2.12 of Jesus’ closest followers are known as his disciples. 3.Jesus used parables to teach his message. (The Prodigal Son, The Good Samaritan, etc…what other ones do you know?) 4.Jesus’ followers believed he was the messiah the Jews had been waiting for. 5.Roman rulers were afraid of his popularity and following. ( What are other instances where rulers were afraid of and felt threatened by religious leaders? ) 6.Jesus was charged with treason and was crucified. Crucifixion was Rome’s way of punishing political rebels and lower-class criminals. 7.Jesus’ followers believe Jesus was resurrected, or raised from the dead. This led to a new religion called Christianity. Jesus

4.  1.The word Christ comes from Christos, the Greek word for “messiah”. 2.Followers formed churches in peoples homes where they would pray and study the Hebrew Bible; they also shared a ritual meal like the Last Supper. 3. Apostles 4.Christianity became popular for several reasons:  It appealed to the lower classes and offered hope.  The ideals of Christianity were similar to what the people already believed.  Christianity gave people and opportunity to be part of a caring group of people. 5.Roman officials felt threatened by Christians and began to persecute Christians in CE 64. 6.Many Christians became martyrs. Christians

5.  What’s the difference? Christians  Jesus is the Son of God who came to save the people.  People can gain salvation by accepting Jesus.  The Trinity: Father, Son, and Holy Spirit  Hebrew Bible plus the New Testament (includes four accounts of Jesus’ life, teachings, and resurrection) Jews  Jesus was a great person and a teacher but not the messiah.  The messiah has not yet come.  No Trinity  Just the Hebrew Bible (Old Testament)

6.  1.Christianity had gained such a large following, Roman rulers could no longer destroy it by force. 2.CE 312, Constantine accepted Christianity and ended the persecution of Christians. In CE 131 he issued the Edict of Milan which gave religious freedom to all people and made Christianity legal. 3.After Constantine, Theodosius made Christianity Rome’s official religion in CE 392. Christianity Spreads

7.  1.Christians modeled their church after the Roman Empire’s hierarchical structure: 2.By CE 600, the bishop of Rome gained the title of pope. He was the leader of the Roman Catholic Church. The Christian Church The five leading archbishops Patriarchs Lead a region of churches/diocese Archbishops Lead the diocese (a group of churches) Determined doctrine Bishops Lead local churches Priests Regular church members Laity

8.  1. REMEMBER… Roman Empire split into East and West.  Western Roman Empire-pope-Roman Catholic Church  Eastern Roman Empire developed into the Byzantine Empire 2.Byzantines developed their own form of Christianity based on their Greek heritage. This is known as the Eastern Orthodox Church. 3.Church and government are VERY CLOSE  Byzantines believed their emperor represented Jesus Christ on earth.  Emperor chose the patriarch of Constantinople, the leading Church official in the Byzantine Empire…the emperor controlled the Church and the government! 4.Byzantines were very interested in religious matters and LOVED to discuss the relationship between Jesus and God. The Byzantine Church

9.  1.One major argument that arose was regarding the use of icons (pictures or images of Jesus, Mary, saints, or holy people). Many Byzantines honored icons and believed they could work miracles, others thought honoring icons was equal to idol worship. 2.In the Eastern Orthodox Church, icons were forbidden by Emperor Leo III in CE 726. 3.Another conflict came from the pope’s belief that he was the head of ALL Christian churches. Byzantines believed the patriarch of Constantinople and other bishops were equal to the pope. Conflicts in the Churches

10.  1.CE 700s, the Byzantine emperor refused to help the pope when Italy was invaded. The pope turned to the Franks for help. 2.The pope gave the Frankish king, Charlemagne, the title of emperor. 3.Byzantines were angry because they believed their leader was the only true emperor. 4.In CE 1054, the patriarch of Constantinople and the pope excommunicated each other, solidifying the separation of the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern (Greek) Orthodox Church. ***In the Byzantine Empire, the emperor was in control, with church leaders respecting his wishes. ***In the West, the pope claimed both spiritual and political power, and often argued with kings over church and government affairs. Constantinople vs. Rome

11.  1.Christianity helped people achieve order after the fall of Rome. ( What do people look to in times of chaos and trouble? ) 2.CE 300s, monks (men) banded together in monasteries. Nuns (women) formed convents. 3.Basil was a bishop who created a list of rules for monks and nuns called the Basilian Rule. It became the model for Eastern Orthodox religious life. 4.In the West, Benedict, an Italian monk, created the Benedictine Rule. It called on monks to give up their belongings, live simply, and spend their time in work and prayer. 5.Cyril was a Byzantine missionary who created the Cyrillic alphabet, so Slavic people could read and understand the Bible. 6.Missionaries spread north of the Byzantine Empire into Slavic countries and west into Britain and Ireland. 7.Angles and Saxons invaded Britain and united to form the Anglo-Saxons. 8.The Celts, who lived in Britain before the invasion of the Anglos and Saxons, fled to Ireland. 9.Patrick was a priest who brought Christianity to Ireland. Christian Ideas Spread