1. Unit Six: Blood Cells, Immunity, and Blood Coagulation
Chapter 33: Resistance of the Body to Infection. I. Leukocytes, Granulocytes, the Monocyte-Macrophage System, and Inflammation
Guyton and Hall, Textbook of Medical Physiology, 12th edition

2. Leukocytes (White Blood Cells)
General Characteristics
Types: neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, monocytes,
lymphocytes (plasma cells)
b. Concentrations in the blood
White Blood Cell
% in Whole Blood
Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils
62.0%
Polymorphonuclear Eosinophils
2.3%
Polymorphonuclear Basophils
0.4%
Monocytes
5.3%
Lymphocytes
30.0%

3. Leukocytes (White Blood Cells)
Genesis of WBCs
Fig Genesis of WBCs

4. Leukocytes (White Blood Cells)
Life Span of WBCs
Granulocytes- 4-8 hrs in the blood and 4-5 days in tissues
Monocytes hrs in the blood, move into tissues
and become macrophages which can live for months
Lymphocytes- weeks or months moving from circulation
into the tissues and back again
Platelets- replaced about every 10 days (30,000 formed
per day per microliter of blood

5. Neutrophils and Macrophages Defend Against Infections
WBCs Enter the Tissue Spaces by Diapedsis
WBCs Move Through the Tissues by Ameboid Motion
WBCs Are Attracted to Inflamed Tissue by Chemotaxis

6. Neutrophils and Macrophages (cont.)
Fig. 33.2

7. Neutrophils and Macrophages (cont.)
Phagocytosis
Process
Neutrophils
Macrophages
Phagolysosomes
Bactericidal properties

8. Monocyte-Macrophage Cells System
Reticuloendothelial System (RES)
Histiocytes
Macrophages in the lymph nodes
Lungs
Kupffer cells
Spleen and Bone Marrow

9. Fig. 33.3 Functional diagram of a lymph node

10. Fig. 33.4 Kupffer cells lining the liver sinusoids
Fig Functional structures of the spleen

11. Inflammation: Role of Neutrophils and Macrophages
Vasodilation of local blood vessels
Increased permeability of the capillaries
Clotting of fluids in the interstitial spaces
Migration of granulocytes and monocytes
Swelling of the tissue cells
Chemicals released: histamine, bradykinin,
serotonin, prostaglandins, complement proteins
activated, multiple lymphokines

12. Inflammation: Role of Neutrophils and Macrophages
“Walling-Off” Effect of Inflammation- delay the
spread of bacterial or toxins
Macrophage and Neutrophil Responses
Neutrophil invasion of the inflammed area
Acute increase of neutrophils in blood
Macrophage invasion into area
Increased production of granulocytes and monocytes
by the bone marrow

13. Fig. 33.6 Migration of neutrophils from the blood into the inflamed tissue

14. Feedback Control of the Macrophage/Neutrophil Responses
Inflammation (cont.)
Feedback Control of the Macrophage/Neutrophil
Responses
G-CSF: Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor
GM-CSF: Granulocyte-Monocyte Colony Stimulating Factor
IL-1: Inteleukin 1
M-CSF: Monocyte Colony Stimulating Factor
TNF: Tumor Necrosis Factor
Fig. 33.7

15. Eosinophils
Eosinophils
Weakly phagocytic
Prominent in parasitic infections
Collect in areas where allergic reactions occur

16. Basophils
Basophils
Similar to mast cells
Release heparin in the blood
Release histamine, bradykinin, and serotonin
IgE binds to basophil-release of histamine in
allergic reactions

17. Leukopenia and Leukemia
Leukopenia- bone marrow produces few wbcs
Caused by irradiation (x-rays or gamma rays)
Exposure to drugs and chemicals
Leukemia- uncontrolled production of wbcs
Types
Effects on the body