1. Elise Wood Stress Management

2. Narrowing of the walls of the arteries Excessive plaque build up Disrupts blood flow Potential cardiovascular complications Related to arteriosclerosis *Someone with arteriosclerosis (hardening), may not have atherosclerosis (plaque), but someone with atherosclerosis does have arteriosclerosis- which leads to a further decrease in blood flow.*

3. Can develop during adolescents Depends on what artery is affected Possible artery blockages and their associated symptoms: Carotid: blood to the brain – stroke Coronary: blood to the heart – angina Renal: blood to kidneys – chronic kidney disease Peripheral: blood to limbs – leg pain

4. High blood pressure High cholesterol Smoking High levels of blood glucose Lack of exercise/Overweight, obesity Unhealthy diet

5. -0.3 mm lower threshold/ 0.5 mm higher threshold (more severe) -Plaque can start to form even at age 10

6. Social stress and lack of social support Stress hormone- Angiotensin II- sympathetic nervous system Case study on atherosclerosis prone mice Increases blood pressure/hypertension Ultimately affects atherosclerosis

7. It might be easier to ask, who doesn't get atherosclerosis? a large number of asymptomatic young people have evidence of atherosclerosis. a large number of asymptomatic young people have evidence of atherosclerosis. If you are 40 and generally healthy, you have about a 50% chance of developing serious atherosclerosis in your lifetime

8. deposits of cholesterol (called plaque) accumulate at an injured area in the inner lining of an artery deposits harden and narrow the arteries, blood flow to the tissues decreases Thrombus Blood clot Blockage

9. Chronic disease that can remain asymptomatic Can stem from other chronic diseases Complications are chronic, and slowly progressive

10. Lifestyle changes (diet, exercise, smoking cessation, etc.) Medicine to slow the formation of plaque/ lower cholesterol/ blood pressure Severe Atherosclerosis: Surgeries: Angioplasty (opening blocked arteries, stent; mesh tube after) Coronary artery bypass grafting, (arteries/veins from other sources bypass blocked) Carotid endarterectomy. (removal of plaque in neck-prevent stroke) Plaque Removal Plaque Removal

11. Success: With treatment, you may see improvement in your health, but this may take time. Cannot be reversed, but can be slowed down Morbidity: Atherosclerosis was present in 85% of those older than 50. More than 25 million persons in the United States have at least one clinical manifestation of atherosclerosis Mortality: Around 500,000 people will die of coronary artery disease this year. More than a million will have a heart attack. One-third of all deaths in Americans older than 35 are due to coronary artery disease.

12. Lifestyle changes! Healthy diet, low saturated fat Exercising Quit smoking Losing weight if overweight/obese Manage stress Treating associated conditions (hypertension, diabetes, etc)

13. Sources http://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/what-is- atherosclerosis?page=2 http://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/what-is- atherosclerosis?page=2 http://franciscan.adam.com/content.aspx?productId=10&pid=10 &gid=000251 http://franciscan.adam.com/content.aspx?productId=10&pid=10 &gid=000251 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atherosclerosis http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health- topics/topics/atherosclerosis/treatment.html http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health- topics/topics/atherosclerosis/treatment.html http://www.healthline.com/health/atherosclerosis#Prevention http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/247837.php http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angiotensi