1. Paris Ile de France, Unregulated competitive decentralization Christian Lefèvre, Université Paris-Est, Institut Français d’Urbanisme, LATTS Regional Studies Association Research Network Governing Metropolitan regions within a Localist Agenda: London, Paris and Berlin Second Seminar: 22nd February, 2013 Institutional and policy issues: Articulating scales

2.  1950-80s : State-led metropolis  1980-00s: Unfinished decentralization  2000-today: Unregulated competitive Decentralization 3 major periods

3. 1950-80s : a State-led metropolis  Major Developments - La Défense - Public Transport and road network - Major housing schemes - universities, etc.  New public agencies and public corporations - DATAR - AFTRP - IAURP - District de la région de Paris

4. 1980-00s: Unfinished decentralization  1982-1983: Decentralization Acts and creation of Regions  Ile de France as an exception: Planning and Public Transport not transfered to local governments

5. 2000-today: Unregulated competitive Decentralization  New powers to the Regional Council  Too many players: extreme fragmentation  Concurrent initiatives for territorial leadership

6. New powers to the Regional Council  STIF (Public Transport) is controlled by the Region  A new master plan elaborated by the Regional Council  State remains in control of transit operators  State must approve the Master Plan

7. The 1300 municipalities of the Ile de France Too many players: extreme fragmentation The 8 départements

9. Concurrent initiatives for territorial leadership  City of Paris: Metropolitan conference, Paris Métropole and Metropolitan pole  The State: the Grand Paris project  Regional Council: Reluctance to participate and not very present

10. City of Paris: Metropolitan conference 2006-2009

11. Paris Métropole: 2009 ---- Paris Métropole in 2012

12. Metropolitan Pole?

13. The State: the Grand Paris project  OIN  Grand Paris Transport  The Grand Paris Act (2010)

14. The OIN (Zones of National Interest) in the Ile de France region

15. The Grand Paris Transport project

16. CONCLUSION  Competitive Decentralization  Conflicts of vision and territorial leadership  No legitimate leader  No places for dialogue, mediation and negotiation