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X-Ray Diffraction Spectroscopy RAMAN Microwave
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What is X-Ray Diffraction?
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X-Ray Diffraction and The Bragg’s Law Max Von LaueWilliam Lawrence BraggWilliam Henry Bragg
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BRAGG’S LAW
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COMPONENTS OF XRD MACHINE
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Find structure to determine function of proteins Distinguish between different crystal structures with identical compositions Study crystal deformation and stress properties Study of rapid biological and chemical properties Crystallographic applications
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Spectroscopy is the study of the interaction between matter and radiated energy. It originated through the study of visible light dispersed according to its wavelength, by a prism. Spectroscopy is the measurement of radiation intensity as a function of wavelength. SPECTROSCOPY
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The Electromagnetic Spectrum
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RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY Raman Spectroscopy is a technique that uses scattered light resulting from photon–molecule collisions to investigate molecular properties.
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RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY
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Stokes Lines: Energy shifted down Anti-Stokes: Energy shifted up Raman scattering is governed by the polarizability of the electron cloud of the sample
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A MODERN RAMAN SPECTROMETER
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Identification of compound by matching the spectrum of unknown with reference spectrum (fingerprint). Determination of molecular composition of surfaces. Identification of all type of inorganic compounds in solid and aqueous solution. Detection of molecular impurites and additives.
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Microwave rotational spectroscopy uses microwave radiation to measure the energies of rotational transitions for molecules in the gas phase.
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MICROWAVE SPECTROSCOPY ▪It is mainly used to get information about gas molecules, such as ▪1. Accurate bond lengths and angles. ▪2. Electric dipole moments. ▪3. Centrifugal distortion constants. ▪ It can also be used to study dielectric constants, dipole moments in liquids and solutions, and potential energy barriers to rotation
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