1. Ozone and Ozone Monitoring 2015 National Tribal Forum Glenn Gehring, Technology Specialist III Tribal Air Monitoring Support (TAMS) Center Institute for Tribal Environmental Professionals (ITEP) Northern Arizona University Contact information: glenn.gehring@nau.edu http://www4.nau.edu/tams/ 541-612-0899

2. This presentation includes: Ozone National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) Ozone design values, designations, monitor maps … Basic ozone atmospheric chemistry NO, NO2 and ozone interactions Brief overview of basic monitoring requirements for NAAQS Title 40, Part 58, Appendixes A (QA) and E (siting) Ozone analyzer (UV type) basic theory of operation Basic sample collection systems (probes) Identifying potential sources for high concentrations HYSPLIT trajectories and dispersion modeling

3. http://www.epa.gov/airquality/greenbook/

4. 2013 Ozone Design Values with less than 3-years of data (red dots) Monitors can be classified as “Special Purpose” and even when NAAQS exceedances seem likely, they may close the site with less than 3-years of data avoiding nonattainment designations. (Valid 2003 Design Values must include years 2013, 2012 and 2011 – some sites have 3-years of data but don’t include these three years) Ardmore, Oklahoma ODEQ site

6. The Design Values for this site (.081 in 2013) are not valid without 3 consecutive years of data

7. So what if we are nonattainment? Two potential financial impacts are: Different source permitting rules (NSR vs PSD permitting rules) Precursor emission offsets (reduce area emissions more than the new source will emit) Another big impact: SIP must be developed to reduce ozone concentrations in ambient air

9. Snapshots at time of download

12. Monitoring Networks & Concentrations http://www.epa.gov/airdata/

13. Very important chemical reactions related to ozone:

14. The 5 th and 6 th is Saturday, Sunday

15. Quapaw Site on July 22, 2004 – Site’s highest 8-hr Ozone 93 ppb as an 8-hour average

16. If monitoring for ozone NAAQS comparison, you need to become very familiar with Title 40, Part 58 Appendix A (quality assurance) Appendix E (siting requirements)

17. Cal gas must pass through particulate filer that was in place during sampling Also need to participate in the National Performance Audit Program (NPAP)

19. Ozone analyzer basic theory of operation Ozone is useful in the upper atmosphere because it absorbs harmful UV light. Most ozone analyzers use that characteristic of ozone to measure ozone concentrations in ambient air [Image from Teledyne API 400e manual]

20. [From Teledyne API manual]

22. No selective ozone scrubber Ozone Transfer Standards use zero air for the reference cycle. X Teledyne API T703 Ozone Calibrator

24. EPA Regional Office (NIST Certified) Annually certified at SRP

25. All materials in contact with sample air must be FEP Teflon, borosilicate glass, or equivalent Sample air enters through Teflon rain cap and is drawn to analyzer through ¼ OD FEP tubing Sample collection ¼-inch OD FEP Teflon tubing is inside the conduit Conduit is for support and is not part of the sample pathway

26. Calibration Verification Cal Gas enters through tee, is drawn to analyzer through ¼ FEP tubing - excess vents through inlet during calibration verifications Must have positive vent flow at all times to prevent ambient air mixing with cal gas Note: Care must be taken to assure proper venting and to avoid pressurizing your photometer(s)

29. Warm moist air can condense in an air conditioned monitoring shelter. A Teflon water trap can reduce the possibility of analyzer damage

30. Residence time is the time it takes a molecule of air to travel from the sample inlet to the analyzer inlet and must be 20 seconds or less (10 seconds max is highly recommended) From Here To Here Note: Can use smaller ID tubing, manifolds with pumps, pumps on the sample tubing with the analyzer inlet connected to a tee upstream of the pump, or combinations to get the residence time within limits.

31. Area 8-hr Ozone on July 22, 2004 Saint Louis Memphis Quapaw Site Tulsa Kansas City Little Rock Oklahoma City

32. Where did it come from? www.arl.noaa.gov/ready.html

33. Highest Quapaw Concentration – 93 ppb 7/22/2004

34. Muskogee Power Plant 48-hr dispersion (NOAA Air Resource Laboratory HYSPLIT Model) Quapaw Site

35. Forward Trajectory from 3 Coal-Fired Power Plants on July 22, 2004 (endpoints that are less than 10 meters AGL)

36. Ambient Air Monitoring Site Gas Analyzer Rack Data Logger Calibrator Continuous Particulate Monitor Control Units Zero Air Generator NOy NOx SO2 Ozone Toxics Flow Controller Continuous Particulate Sensor Unit Vertical manifold Tubing for NOy EPA Protocol Gas 316 Stainless Steel 1/8 inch tubing connects regulator to calibrator CGA 660? Fitting must match bottle Always purge regulator when seal is broken

37. Questions?