1. 30 Nov. 2010 Law of Conservation of Mass  Objective: SWBAT demonstrate the law of conservation of mass and show it symbolically through the use of coefficients in a balanced chemical equation.  Do now: How many atoms of each element? (This is not multiple choice!) a) NaNO 3 b) Mg(NO 3 ) 2 c) 2 H 2 O

2. Agenda I. Do now II. Law of Conservation of Mass Notes III. Practice Problems IV. Demonstration V. Balancing Equations Examples VI. Practice problems Homework: Week 13 #1-15: Weds. Lab report 1 st draft: Fri.

3. Announcements  Did you miss the test on Wednesday?  Take it after school TODAY, or come see me to make other arrangements.

4. Law of Conservation of Mass

5. Big Picture If 5.00 grams of oxygen are reacted with 5.00 grams of hydrogen, what mass of water is formed? Is there any oxygen or hydrogen left over? Which one? How much?

6. Review of writing chemical equations  Remember:  (g) = gas (l) = liquid (s) = solid  (aq) = aqueous  Must use rules for naming/writing formulas  Ionic compounds – balance charges, NO prefixes  Covalent compounds – use prefixes

7. Information from Chemical Equations  To produce fertilizers, Nitrogen gas is combined with Hydrogen gas to produce Nitrogen trihydride (ammonia).  N 2 (g) + H 2 (g)  NH 3 (g)

8. Information from Chemical Equations  Making fertilizer uses a lot of energy and a lot of raw materials  Efficiency is key!!  How can knowledge about chemical reactions make This process as efficient as possible?

9. 1. CS 2 (l) + O 2 (g)  CO 2 (g) + SO 2 (g) Liquid carbon disulfide reacts with oxygen gas to produce carbon dioxide gas and sulfur dioxide gas. 2. Solid aluminum reacts with a solution of zinc chloride to produce solid zinc and a solution of aluminum chloride. Al(s) + ZnCl 2 (aq)  Zn(s) + AlCl 3 (aq)

10. The Law of Conservation of Mass  In a chemical reaction, matter is never created or destroyed.  The number of atoms and the mass of the reactants must be equal to the number of atoms and the mass of the products.

11. Demonstration  Solid sodium bicarbonate reacts with a solution of acetic acid to produce…  NaHCO 3 (s) + CH 3 COOH(aq)  CO 2 (g) + H 2 O(l) + NaCO 3 (aq) Initial mass: Final mass: Thoughts? Why doesn’t this reaction satisfy (obey) the law of conservation of mass?

12.  What could we do to make it satisfy the law of conservation of mass?

13. More examples: Law of Conservation of Mass  CS 2 (l) + O 2 (g)  CO 2 (g) + SO 2 (g)  If I reacted 5 grams of CS 2 with 5 grams of O 2, and the reaction produced 2 grams of CO 2, how many grams of SO 2 must have been produced?  If my products had a total mass of 20 grams, how many grams of reactants must I have started with?  If I reacted 3 grams of CS 2 with an unknown number of grams of O 2 and produced a total of 4 grams of products, what was the mass of the O2?

14. A: 30 Nov. 2010  Take Out Homework: Week 13 #1-8  Objective: SWBAT use coefficients to balance equations, satisfying the Law of Conservation of Mass  Do now: a) Write the formula equation: Hydrogen gas reacts with fluorine gas to produce hydrogen fluoride gas. b) If 3 grams of hydrogen gas is reacted with 2 grams of fluorine gas, how many grams of hydrogen fluoride gas are produced?

15. Agenda I. Do now, Homework solutions II. Balancing Equations Examples III. Practice Problems Homework: Week 13 #9-15 Lab report: Friday

16.  How do we show, in a chemical equation, that the law of conservation of mass is being obeyed?  The law of conservation of mass must be satisfied by equalizing the number of atoms on the reactant and the product sides.  Use coefficients to show how many molecules of each compound.

17. Balancing Equations  H 2 (g) + F 2 (g)  HF(g) H 2 (g) + F 2 (g)  HF(g) 2

18.  H 2 O(l)  H 2 (g) + O 2 (g) H 2 O(l)  H 2 (g) + O 2 (g) 22

19. Balancing Chemical Equations  Ca(s) + S 8 (s)  CaS(s) Ca(s) + S 8 (s)  CaS(s) 8 8

20.  Zn(s) + HCl(aq)  ZnCl 2 (aq) + H 2 (g) Zn(s) + HCl(aq)  ZnCl 2 (aq) + H 2 (g) 2

21. Rules for balancing an equation 1. Only 1. Only change the coefficients that appear in front of an element or compound 2. Never subscripts 2. Never change any subscripts in a formula 3. Coefficients should be written as the lowest possible ratios 4. Begin by balancing elements that appear ONLY once on each side of the equation

22. A: 1 Dec. 2010 Take Out Homework: Week 13 #9-12 Objective: SWBAT balance chemical equations and model the law of conservation of mass. Do now: Count the number of atoms of each element: 5Mg(NO 3 ) 2

23. Agenda I. Do now, homework solutions II. More balancing equations III. Paperclip bonding mini-lab IV. Mole ratios Homework: Finish Mini-Lab Handout: Thurs. Lab Report: Fri. Read “Mass and Mole Relationships” lab and do pre-lab (p. 2)

24. C: 1 Dec. 2010 Take Out Homework: Week 13 #1-15 Objective: SWBAT balance chemical equations and model the law of conservation of mass. Do now: Count the number of atoms of each element: 5Mg(NO 3 ) 2

25. Agenda I. Do now, homework solutions II. More balancing equations Homework: Week 13 Homework #16-23 Lab Report: Fri.

26. Examples __CaCO 3 + __HCl  __CaCl 2 + __CO 2 + __H 2 O __H 2 S + __O 2  __SO 2 + __H 2 O __CaO + __HNO 3  __Ca(NO 3 ) 2 + __H 2 O __Fe(OH) 3  __Fe 2 O 3 + __H 2 O

27. Balancing Chemical Equations 1. __CaO + __HNO 3  __Ca(NO 3 ) 2 + __H 2 O 2. __Fe(OH) 3  __Fe 2 O 3 + __H 2 O 3. __ZnS + __ O 2  __ ZnO + __ SO 2 4. __ Ag 3 PO 4 + __KBr  __K 3 PO 4 + __ AgBr 5. __ H 2 SO 3 + __O 2  __ H 2 SO 4 6. __Na 2 SO 4 + __Fe(NO 3 ) 3  __NaNO 3 + __Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 7. __ AgNO 3 + __CaCl 2  __AgCl + __Ca(NO 3 ) 2

28. Na 2 O 2 + H 2 O  NaOH + O 2

29. 2Na 2 O 2 + 2H 2 O  4NaOH + O 2

30. KClO 3  KCl + KClO 4

31. 4KClO 3  KCl + 3KClO 4

32. CaCl 2 + Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3  CaSO 4 + FeCl 3

33. 3CaCl 2 + Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3  3CaSO 4 + 2FeCl 3

34. Al 2 O 3 + HCl  AlCl 3 + H 2 O

35. Al 2 O 3 + 6HCl  2AlCl 3 + 3H 2 O

36. AgNO 3 + CaCl 2  AgCl + Ca(NO 3 ) 2

37. 2AgNO 3 + CaCl 2  2AgCl + Ca(NO 3 ) 2

38. Na 2 SO 4 + Fe(NO 3 ) 3  NaNO 3 + Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3

39. 3Na 2 SO 4 + 2Fe(NO 3 ) 3  6NaNO 3 + Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3

41. C 12 H 22 O 11 + O 2  CO 2 + H 2 O

42. C 12 H 22 O 11 + 12O 2  12CO 2 + 11H 2 O

43. BaCl 2 + (NH 4 ) 2 CO 3  BaCO 3 + NH 4 Cl

44. BaCl 2 + (NH 4 ) 2 CO 3  BaCO 3 + 2NH 4 Cl

45.  Liquid silicon tetrachloride reacts with liquid water to produce solid silicon dioxide and a solution of hydrochloric acid.

46.  SiCl 4 (l) + 2H 2 O(l)  SiO 2 (s) + 4HCl(aq)

47.  Nitrogen gas reacts with oxygen gas and water to produce a solution of hydrogen nitrate.

48.  2N 2 (g) + 5O 2 (g) 2H 2 O(l)  4HNO 3 (aq)

49. KOH + Cl 2  KCl + KClO 3 + H 2 O

50. 6KOH + 3Cl 2  5KCl + KClO 3 + 3H 2 O

51. C: 3 Dec. 2010  Take Out Homework: Week 13 #13-23  Objective: SWBAT model the law of conservation of mass and use mole ratios to relate moles of reactants and products in a reaction.  Do now: Balance the following equation: __ZnO(s) + __C(s)  __Zn(s) + __CO 2 (g)

52. Agenda I. Do now, homework solutions II. Paperclip Lab III. Mole ratios IV. Using mole ratios examples V. Practice Problems Homework: Finish Paperclip mini lab p.3-4

53. Chemical Bonding Paperclip Minilab  Work with your partner  Designate one color paperclip as hydrogen, one as oxygen and one as carbon. Record these choices.  Follow the directions EXACTLY, and record information in the tables.  When you finish, complete page 3.

54. H HH HH H H H H HH H O O OO OO O O OO O O

55. HH HH H H H H HH HH O O O O O O O O O O O O C C C C C C C C C C C C

56. Mole Ratios in Chemical Equations

57.  Why do we balance chemical equations?  Now that we can balance them, what can the coefficients tell us?  Use coefficients to form mole ratios to use as conversion factors!!

58.  Coefficients indicate relative numbers of moles or molecules of reactants and products.  H 2 (g) + Cl 2 (g)  2HCl(g)  One mole of hydrogen gas reacts with one mole of chlorine gas to yield two moles of hydrogen chloride gas. OR:  One molecule of hydrogen gas reacts with one molecule of chlorine gas to yield two molecules of hydrogen chloride gas.

59. H 2 (g) + Cl 2 (g)  2HCl(g) HH HH Cl

60. 2ZnO(s) + C(s)  2Zn(s) + CO 2 (g) Zn O O OO C C  How many moles of zinc oxide?  How many moles of carbon?  How many moles of solid zinc?  How many moles of carbon dioxide?

61. Na 2 O(s) + 2CO 2 (g) + H 2 O(g)  2NaHCO 3 (s)  How many moles of sodium oxide?  How many moles of carbon dioxide?  How many moles of water vapor?  How many moles of sodium hydrogen carbonate?

62. 2Al(s) + 3ZnCl 2 (aq)  3Zn(s) + 2AlCl 3 (aq)  How many molecules of aluminum?  How many molecules of zinc chloride?  How many molecules of zinc?  How many molecules of aluminum chloride?

63. Mole/Molecule Ratios  H 2 (g) + Cl 2 (g)  2HCl(g)

64. 2H 2 O(l)  2H 2 (g) + O 2 (g)  How many moles of water?  How many moles of oxygen gas?  Mole ratio of water to hydrogen.  Mole ratio of hydrogen to oxygen.  Mole ratio of oxygen to hydrogen.  Mole ratio of hydrogen to oxygen.

65. CS 2 (l) + 3O 2 (g)  CO 2 (g) + 2SO 2 (g) 1. How many moles of oxygen gas? 2. How many moles of carbon dioxide gas? 3. Mole ratio of oxygen to carbon dioxide. 4. Mole ratio of carbon disulfide to oxygen. 5. Mole ratio of carbon dioxide to sulfur dioxide. 6. Mole ratio of carbon disulfide to sulfur dioxide. 7. Mole ratio of carbon dioxide to oxygen.

66. 4Fe(s) + 3O 2 (g)  2Fe 2 O 3 (s) 1. Molecule ratio of iron to oxygen gas. 2. Molecule ratio of oxygen gas to iron (III) oxide. 3. Molecule ratio of iron (III) oxide to iron. 4. Molecule ratio of oxygen gas to iron. 5. How many molecules of iron? 6. How many molecules of iron (III) oxide?

67. C: 8 Dec. 2010  Take Out Homework: Paperclip MiniLab  Objective: SWBAT calculate mole relationships for chemical reactions.  Do now: Balance the following equation: __Fe(s) + __O 2 (g)  __Fe 2 O 3 (s) SWBAT calculate mole relationships for chemical reactions.

68. Agenda I. Do now, homework solutions II. Mole relationships examples III. Practice Problems Homework: Finish Week 13 Homework: Tues Quiz: Tues!

69. 4Fe(s) + 3O 2 (g)  2Fe 2 O 3 (s) Write all possible mole ratios for this equation. SWBAT calculate mole relationships for chemical reactions.

70.  Now that you can write mole ratios, we can use them to relate numbers of moles or molecules of any reactant or product to any other reactant or product. SWBAT calculate mole relationships for chemical reactions.

71. 4Fe(s) + 3O 2 (g)  2Fe 2 O 3 (s) 1. How many moles of oxygen gas react with 4 moles of solid iron? 2. How many moles of iron (III) oxide are produced by the reaction of 3 moles of oxygen gas? 3. How many moles of solid iron are required to react with 3 moles of oxygen gas? 4. How many molecules of iron (III) oxide are produced by the reaction of 4 molecules of solid iron? SWBAT calculate mole relationships for chemical reactions.

72. 4Fe(s) + 3O 2 (g)  2Fe 2 O 3 (s) 5. How many moles of O 2 react with 8 moles of Fe? 6. How many moles of Fe 2 O 3 react with 2 moles of Fe? 7. How many moles of Fe react with 12 moles of O 2 ? 8. How many moles of O 2 react with 16 moles of Fe? SWBAT calculate mole relationships for chemical reactions.

73.  What if more than simple math is involved? SWBAT calculate mole relationships for chemical reactions.

74. 4Fe(s) + 3O 2 (g)  2Fe 2 O 3 (s) 1. How many moles of O 2 react with 10 moles of Fe? 2. How many moles of Fe 2 O 3 are produced by the reaction of 20.0 moles of O 2 ? 3. How many moles of Fe react with 1.2 moles of O 2 ? 4. How many moles of Fe are required to produce 7.0 moles of Fe 2 O 3 ? SWBAT calculate mole relationships for chemical reactions.

75. 4Fe(s) + 3O 2 (g)  2Fe 2 O 3 (s) 5. How many moles of O 2 react with 15 moles of Fe? 6. How many moles of Fe 2 O 3 are produced by the reaction of 8.0 moles of O 2 ? 7. How many moles of Fe react with 1.8 moles of O 2 ? 8. How many moles of Fe are required to produce 13.0 moles of Fe 2 O 3 ? SWBAT calculate mole relationships for chemical reactions.

76. 4Fe(s) + 3O 2 (g)  2Fe 2 O 3 (s) 1. How many moles of oxygen gas react with 2 moles of solid iron? 2. How many moles of iron (III) oxide are produced by the reaction of 1.0 mole of oxygen gas? 3. How many moles of oxygen gas are required to produce 0.35 moles of iron (III) oxide? 4. How many moles of solid iron are required to produce 0.5 moles of iron (III) oxide? SWBAT calculate mole relationships for chemical reactions.

77. 4Fe(s) + 3O 2 (g)  2Fe 2 O 3 (s) 1. How many moles of oxygen gas react with 10.5 moles of solid iron? 2. How many moles of iron (III) oxide are produced by the reaction of 2.0 mole of oxygen gas? 3. How many moles of oxygen gas are required to produce 0.75 moles of iron (III) oxide? 4. How many moles of solid iron are required to produce 1.5 moles of iron (III) oxide? SWBAT calculate mole relationships for chemical reactions.

78. Homework  Finish Week 13 Homework  Quiz Tomorrow!  Writing and balancing equations  Law of Conservation of Mass  Mole Ratios  We will review tomorrow before the quiz. SWBAT calculate mole relationships for chemical reactions.

79. A: 3 Dec. 2010  Take Out Homework: Paperclip Mini Lab AND Lab  Objective: SWBAT convert between moles of reactants and products in a balanced equation.  Do now: Write all six mole ratios for the reaction, with units: 4Fe(s) + 3O 2 (g)  2Fe 2 O 3 (s)

80. Agenda I. Do now, collect homework II. Moles conversions practice problems III. Answers Homework: Finish Week 13 Homework Quiz Tuesday

81.  With your partner, complete the practice problems.  Check your answers on the board, and re- do problems you got wrong.  Trade the problem you wrote with a classmate. Solve that problem.  Hand in your worksheet.  Work on your homework (finish Week 13)

82. C: 7 Dec. 2010  Take Out Homework: Week 13  Objective: SWBAT write, balance and calculate mole relationships for chemical reactions.  Do now: State the Law of Conservation of Mass. Explain how we show the Law of Conservation of Mass in a chemical equation.  Your quiz will be TOMORROW.

83. C. Agenda I. Do now, homework solutions II. Collect Paperclip Mini-Lab worksheet III. Practicing Mole Relationships IV. Unlock the Code Review Activity V. Pre-lab instructions and calculations Homework: Finish Unlock the Code worksheet Quiz Tomorrow

84. Moles Review  Complete this worksheet with your partner.  Ask me for help if you need it!  It is due at the end of 1 st period.  Stay in your seat.

85. Unlock the Code 1. Carefully answer all four questions on the worksheet. Show all your work! 2. The code is the first digit of each answer (if a balanced chemical equation, the first coefficient! If no coefficient = 1) 3. Write the code at the top of the page, and bring it to me to try the lock. 4. When you successfully open the lock, you are finished!

86. Lab: Friday  Can you show the relationship between moles and mass of reactants and compounds experimentally?  How will your experimental results differ from your theoretical results?

87. p. 2 of lab handout  Solid sodium bicarbonate reacts with a solution of hydrochloric acid to produce carbon dioxide gas, water and a solution of sodium chloride.  The water will be evaporated to leave behind solid sodium chloride.  Formula equation?

88. With your partner  Balance the equation.  From the balanced equation, record the number of moles of sodium bicarbonate and the number of moles of sodium chloride.  Write a mole ratio.  Write a paragraph describing the procedure.  Due Wednesday.

89. Homework Finish Unlock the Code Review worksheet Quiz Tomorrow

90. A: 7 Dec. 2010  Take Out Homework: Unlock the Code Worksheet  Objective: SWBAT what you know about writing and balancing chemical equations and mole relationships!  Do now: Write and balance the formula equation: Solid aluminum reacts with oxygen gas to produce solid aluminum oxide.

91. Agenda I. Do now II. Quiz! III. Work on pre-lab: due tomorrow Homework: Completed pre-lab

92.  When you finish the quiz, turn it over on your desk.  Remain silent.  Work on the pre-lab p. 2, which is due tomorrow.  Make sure you have written an excellent summary of the procedure!

93. C: 10 Dec. 2010  Take Out: Lab Worksheet (p. 2)  Objective: SWBAT show empirically the mole relationships in a chemical reaction.  Do now: a) What are the formulas of the three products produced in this lab? b) Which product will you be finding the mass of?

94. Agenda I. Do now II. Pre-lab III. Lab! Lab handout due at the end of the period! No homework SWBAT show empirically the mole relationships in a chemical reaction.

95. NameFormula Solid reactant Aqueous reactant Solid product Liquid product Gaseous product Balanced Equation Moles of sodium bicarbonate Moles of sodium chloride ratio of moles of sodium bicarbonate : moles of sodium chloride

96. In this lab… Solid sodium bicarbonate reacts with a solution of hydrochloric acid to form carbon dioxide gas, water, and a solution of sodium chloride. 1. Write and balance the chemical equation. 2. Predict mole ratios using the balanced equation. 3. Compare theoretical mole rations (your prediction) with experimental mole ratios (from your experiment’s results) SWBAT show empirically the mole relationships in a chemical reaction.

97. Some notes on the lab  Always wear your goggles!  When massing sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) any amount between 2 and 2.5 grams is fine! Just carefully record the initial mass.  When getting 10 mL of hydrochloric acid, use the transfer pipet to do so carefully! SWBAT show empirically the mole relationships in a chemical reaction.

98.  A hot evaporating dish looks the same as a cold one. Use tongs! Move carefully and slowly.  Never mass a hot evaporating dish. Cool your evaporating dish on the wire gauze. SWBAT show empirically the mole relationships in a chemical reaction.

99.  When you finish working, clean up all your equipment.  Then start working on calculations and conclusions questions.  Hand in your worksheet when you finish. SWBAT show empirically the mole relationships in a chemical reaction.

100.  During “wait time:”  Answer conclusions questions  Brainstorm errors and exactly how they’ll affect your final results (the mole ratio of NaHCO 3 to NaCl)  Choose one error and write it on the board, along with exactly how it affects your results and your mole ratio.

101. C: 8 Dec. 2010  Take Out Homework: Unlock the Code Worksheet and Moles Ratios Practice  Objective: SWBAT what you know about writing and balancing chemical equations and mole relationships!  Do now: Write and balance the formula equation: Solid aluminum reacts with oxygen gas to produce solid aluminum oxide.

102. Agenda I. Do now II. Quiz! III. Work on pre-lab: due tomorrow Homework: Completed pre-lab SWBAT what you know about writing and balancing chemical equations and mole relationships!

103. This period…  When you finish the quiz, turn it over on your desk.  Remain silent.  Work on the pre-lab p. 2, which is due tomorrow.  Use information from the paragraph on p. 1 to fill in the chart on the top of p. 2  For #2 on p. 2, write a summary of the procedure, in your own words. SWBAT what you know about writing and balancing chemical equations and mole relationships!

104. Homework  Read p. 1 of the lab handout  Complete p. 2