1. WASTE MANAGEMENT Think about your waste disposal from today. What items have you thrown away?

2. http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/gallery/2009 /jun/05/waste-world-environment- day?picture=348339050 http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/gallery/2009 /jun/05/waste-world-environment- day?picture=348339050 Slide show http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/waste http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/video/2010/ mar/26/beijing-rubbish http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/video/2010/ mar/26/beijing-rubbish Bejing vide0

3. Waste Management More people  more waste  less space With our human population on the rise, more waste is produced. There is less space available to dispose of this waste!

4. Do Now: You stop at a fast-food restaurant on your way home from school and buy a burger, fries, and soda. Within minutes, the food is gone, and you toss your trash into the nearest wastebasket. Name what you have just thrown away: That was ONE MEAL!!! Imagine the garbage that you produce in one day!

5. There are two types of waste produced each day by the human population SOLID WASTE CHEMICAL/HAZARDOUS WASTE Two Types of Waste

6. SOLID WASTE Any discarded solid material Cars, paper, food scraps, computers, plastic, cardboard Amount has doubled since 1960’s Mining and manufacturing makes up 70% of solid waste

8. CHEMICAL/HAZARDOUS WASTE Any waste that is a risk to the health of humans or other living things Examples: Paints, fertilizers, pesticides, varnishes, cleaners

9. Where does all of this waste go once we dispose of it? LANDFILL RECYCLED INCINERATED

10. Where does our waste go?

11. Landfill Area of land or an excavation where wastes are placed for permanent disposal More than 50% of municipal (household & businesses) and manufacturing waste ends up in landfills

12. New Jersey Landfill Average resident produces 6.7 pounds of trash per day (50% higher than the national average) State has 21 landfills which extract methane to produce electricity

13. Active vs. Non-active Landfill ACTIVE LANDFILLNON-ACTIVE LANDFILL

14. http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/302 18-really-big-things-americas-landfills-video.htm http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/302 18-really-big-things-americas-landfills-video.htm 2 min – how landfills work http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/302 18-really-big-things-americas-landfills-video.htm http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/302 18-really-big-things-americas-landfills-video.htm Ocean pollution

15. Landfills Must contain the waste that is buried inside and keep it from causing problems with the environment Especially hazardous wastes!!!

16. Maintaining Landfills Landfills are maintained by covering wastes each day with a layer of soil and/or plastic. Leachate and Methane inside a landfill must NOT come into contact with the soil, air, and groundwater surrounding the landfill.

19. Florida Landfill (10 min) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i90BQQ9YAzw

20. http://ec.environmentalcountdown.org/_Love-Canal- Lois-Gibbs/video/438378/4315.html http://ec.environmentalcountdown.org/_Love-Canal- Lois-Gibbs/video/438378/4315.html Love canal video clip 10 min

22. Landfill Toxins Leachate Liquid that has passed through solid waste and has extracted, dissolved, or suspended materials Collected, stored, treated by landfills and used as waste water Methane Highly flammable gas formed from decomposers can be pumped out of landfill to generate electricity

24. Incineration In 1999, the U.S. had 102 operational incinerators that were capable of burning up to 94,000 metric tons of municipal solid waste per day. Incinerators are one option for reducing the amount of solid waste in landfills. Incinerated materials do not disappear, but the weight of solid waste is reduced Incinerated materials can be more toxic than before it was incinerated.

25. Special air pollution control devices help control the amount of toxins released into the air. However, even incinerators with these special air pollution control devices release small amounts of poisonous gases and particles of toxic heavy metals into the air. Incineration

26. Incineration Process

27. How long does it take to decompose? NEWSPAPER A. 3 days B. 3 weeks C. 3 months D. 3 years

28. How long does it take to decompose? 3 MONTHS

29. How long does it take to decompose? PLASTIC WATER BOTTLE A. 450 days B. 450 weeks C. 450 years D. Never

30. How long does it take to decompose? 450 YEARS

31. How long does it take to decompose? ALUMINUM SODA CAN A. 200-500 days B. 200-500 weeks C. 200-500 months D. 200-500 years

32. How long does it take to decompose? 200-500 YEARS

33. How long does it take to decompose? CIGARETTE BUTT A. 10-12 days B. 10-12 weeks C. 10-12 months D. 10-12 years

34. How long does it take to decompose? 10-12 YEARS

35. How long does it take to decompose? PLASTIC BAG A. 10-20 weeks B. 10-20 months C. 10-20 years D. Never

36. How long does it take to decompose? 10-20 YEARS

37. How long does it take to decompose? GLASS BOTTLE A. 500 days B. 500 weeks C. 500 months D. 500 years

38. How long does it take to decompose? 500 YEARS

39. How long does it take to decompose? DIAPER A. 75 days B. 75 weeks C. 75 months D. 75 years

40. How long does it take to decompose? 75 YEARS

41. How long does it take to decompose? ORANGE PEEL A. 6 days B. 6 weeks C. 6 months D. 6 years

42. How long does it take to decompose? 6 MONTHS

43. How long does it take to decompose? STYROFOAM CUP A. 500 weeks B. 500 months C. 500 years D. Never

44. How long does it take to decompose? NEVER

45. Do Now What are the advantages and disadvantages of the following: 1) Landfills 2) Recyling/Composting 3) Incineration

46. Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) Requires that landfills be properly lined with plastic and safety precautions taken to prevent leakage leachate and methane Requires that ALL incinerators and hazardous treatment and disposal facilities be built and operated according to standards that are designed to prevent the facilities from polluting the environment

47. Superfund Act (1980) Gives the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) the right to sue the owners of hazardous waste sites who illegally dump waste EPA forces the owners to pay for the cleanup The EPA created a fund to pay for cleaning up abandoned hazardous waste sites.

48. Superfund Act Cleaning up improperly discarded waste is difficult and extremely expensive. Cleanup has been completed at only 75 of the roughly 1,200 approved or proposed Superfund sites.

50. Where does the garbage go?

51. Landfills in the U.S. : The materials we bury in landfills are not decomposing as fast as we can fill landfills. Even biodegradable materials, like newspapers, take several years to decompose. What is the effect?

52. What’s in your garbage? 1988 – 8,000 active landfills 1999 – 2,300 active landfills Landfills are filling to full capacity!

54. Biodegradable Materials Material that can be broken down by biological processes Examples: Plant and animal matter are biodegradable Products made from natural materials, including newspapers, paper bags, cotton fibers, and leather

55. Nonbiodegradable Materials Material that CANNOT be broken down by biological processes Examples: Synthetic compounds are NOT biodegradable Polyster, nylon, plastic

56. Plastic Made from petroleum or natural gas Cannot be broken down and so accumulate Consumed by marine life and NOT digested Make up 80% of the GREAT GARBAGE PATCH

57. So, if we are running out of our land due to landfill and hazardous waste sites, and incineration causes more air pollution, then… What are some solutions to waste disposal?

58. Solutions to Waste Disposal REDUCE REUSE RECYCLE

59. Source Reduction (Reduce) Any change in the design, manufacture, purchase or use of materials or products to reduce their amount of toxicity before they become municipal solid waste If we produce less waste, then we use less landfills, and save energy by not needing to recycle it

60. Buy products with less packaging or that can be used more than once. Before 1965, bottles were designed to be returned and refilled at bottling plants

61. Use a cloth reusable bag instead of a plastic disposable bag Use a refillable water bottle instead of disposable

62. Redesign products to use less material and to last longer.

63. Paper vs. Plastic? Both consume energy when made Paper decomposes quicker but both consume energy and therefore harm the environment!

64. Design materials to break down quickly Photodegradable Plastic Designed to become weak and brittle when left in the sun for many weeks and decomposes Breaks down quickly

65. Buy products that decompose quickly Green Plastic Consists of plant sugars with chemicals Uses 20-50% less fossil fuel Decomposes within 45 days of being used BUT does not disappear, only breaks into smaller pieces

66. Properly Dispose of Household Hazardous Wastes Dispose of paints, pesticides, motor oil, batteries, cleaners, fertilizers in a proper facility

67. Recycle Process of recovering valuable or useful materials from waste or scrap Reusing items

68. Why recycle? Consume less energy making products from recycled products, however, if you don’t buy them at all then even more energy is saved! Making products from recycled materials usually saves energy, water, and other resources. For example, 95% less energy is needed to produce aluminum from recycled aluminum than from ore. About 70% less energy is needed to make paper from recycled paper than from trees.

69. The Steps of Recycling 1.Collecting and sorting discarded materials by type 2.Taking the materials to a recycling facility 3. Cleaning the discarded materials so they can be shredded or crushed 4. Reusing the shredded or crushed material to manufacture new products 5. Selling the new products to consumers

70. If more people purchase products made from recycled materials, there would be an increase in demand for these products. Manufacturers would then build more facilities to make recycled products and, in turn, make it easier for communities to recycle.

71. Recycled Products Newspapers recycled into: Cardboard Egg Cartons Building Materials Aluminum recycled into: Soda cans Plastic recycled into: Toys Insulation Carpet Crates

72. Buy Recycled Products (or don’t buy the product at all)!

74. Compost Mixture of plants, soil, decomposing matter (food scraps) and decomposers (worms) to make fertilizer Converts yard waste/food scraps into soil

75. Yard waste often makes up more than 15% of a community’s solid waste. Composting can be an effective way of handling biodegradable waste from businesses and homes. If all biodegradable wastes were composted, the amount of solid waste going to landfills could be reduced.

77. In summary…. Simply changing the materials we use could eliminate much of the solid waste we produce. Recycling/Reusing common household products into useable products could also help eliminate solid waste.

78. For example, plastic beverage containers can be recycled to make nonfood containers, insulation, carpet yarn, textiles, fiberfill, and more. Degradable plastics can help reduce the harmful effects that plastic litter has on animals in the environment.

79. Problems with Waste Landfills - We’re running out of space Incinerators – Produce toxins Recycling – Still consumes energy Where should we put all of our garbage?

80. Can We Send Garbage Into Space? Would interfere with satellites and other spacecrafts that orbit the Earth/Universe Takes significant energy to launch a rocket into space

81. Solutions… What if we found a way to use these materials as fuel in the future? Then it would be all gone!

82. Why can’t we just dump it in the ocean? Example: Great Pacific Garbage Patch The patch is characterized by exceptionally high concentrations of suspended plastic and other debris that have been trapped by ocean currents.

83. It is estimated that 80% of the garbage comes from land-based sources, and 20% from ships at sea.

85. SOLUTIONS? STOP before you buy! Is it recyclable? Is it biodegradable? Can it be composted? Do you REALLY need it? Remember… REDUCE – (most important step!) REUSE RECYCLE

86. SOLUTIONS? Don’t LITTER! If you see garbage, PICK IT UP!

87. Will THIS be our future?

88. E-waste

89. E-waste in Ghana (6:20 min) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pr1zQrXM_7s

90. Mobro Boat Sailed from Islip, NY for 5 months to find a place to dispose of 3200 tons of garbage Returned to NY and burned the garbage which produced 430 tons of ash

91. Mobro Traveled along east coast to Belize, Cuba and back to New York Through Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico

92. Love Canal, NY Town near Niagara Falls in which 21,000 tons (21,000,000 lbs) of toxins were found in the ground City of Niagara Falls allowed the town to be built and a school to be built on this old dumping ground Electrochemical company dumped their chemical waste at the site in the 1940’s 1952 – site was covered with dirt

95. Love Canal, NY 1978 – people began getting sick; were many health problems (epilepsy, asthma, urinary tract infections, leukemia, miscarriages, nervous disorders, birth defects, deafness, cleft palates, mental retardation) Government relocated 800 families; houses destroyed Superfund Act was established EPA sued electrochemical company for $129 million

96. http://ec.environmentalcountdown.org/_Love-Canal- Lois-Gibbs/video/438378/4315.html http://ec.environmentalcountdown.org/_Love-Canal- Lois-Gibbs/video/438378/4315.html Love canal video clip

97. Do Now Give specific examples as to how garbage affects marine life.

98. How does garbage affect marine life? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uLrVCI4N67M http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8a4S23uXIcM&feat ure=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8a4S23uXIcM&feat ure=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_w6YgEEZybU

99. Great Pacific Garbage Patch

100. What is the Patch? a swirling, 3-million-pound mass of plastic and other trash…a “plastic soup” Covers an area twice the size of Texas, according to researchers with the Algalita Marine Research Foundation, which has been tracking the Patch for a decade.Algalita Marine Research Foundation …….. And it's not going away.

101. Great Ocean Patch in the Pacific Ocean

103. Garbage in the Ocean affects ecosystems

104. Organisms affected by Garbage Plastic closely resembles zoo plankton, and are eaten by jellyfish Turtles eat plastic bags, thinking they are jelly fish Seals and other marine animals get tangled in the garbage plastic enters the food chain

105. A Closer Look: Albatross nest in the Northwest Hawaiian Islands mistake trash for food, and feed it to their chicks 40 % of albatross chicks die from trash filling their bellies (including cigarette lighters, toothbrushes, syringes, toys, clothespins and every other type of plastic) Chicks eat about 5 tons of plastic a year

106. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9 d/Albatross_chick_plastic.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9 d/Albatross_chick_plastic.jpg Picture of waste in albatross

107. What is the Solution? None! Since this garbage is in “international waters” no specific country is held responsible It is too expensive to haul the garbage out of the water There is “no place” to put the garbage-which country should fill their landfills with “global garbage”?

108. What can YOU do? Prevention: reduce, reuse, recycle! Reduce the amount of plastic that you use so it does not end up in the ocean or landfill Reuse-Example: buy a resuable water bottle instead of buying disposable plastic bottles Recycle: bring the plastic you use to the recycle center Awareness Tell your friends, family and community about reducing, reusing and recycling! You are the future! You can make a difference

109. Do Now How are humans affected when marine life consumes waste?